Resetment

<div>I can be angry all of the time and can't forget it every single day.</div><div><br /></div><div>I wish I can live alone. only by myself.</div><div>I don't think I can burden someone for the rest of my life.</div><div>To think that I need someone else to accompany me, its already feel so thrilled.</div><div><br /></div><div>I don't want anyone abandoned me.so, that's why I would like to live alone.</div><div>for everyone who ever meets me and knows me, I would like to thanks for you.</div><div>if you are gonna remember my existence until I disappear, thank you.</div><div><br /></div><div>I ever said, " don't make a decision when you angry". but that person is me.</div><div>I already do it more than once. but I would like to share it with everyone. even though I am the person who breaks it.</div><div><br /></div><div>I don't want to have any resentment.<div>but, I can't. I have.</div></div><div>I already live with it...for a long time when I don't even realize.</div>

Resetment

I can be angry all of the time and can't forget it every single day. I wish I can live alone. only by myself. I don't think I can bu...

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Final Review

<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; font-size: 15.84px; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"> <span style="font-family: inherit;">Chrysanti Anastasya Silaban</span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; font-size: 15.84px; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"> <span style="font-family: inherit;">2301877464</span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; font-size: 15.84px; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"> <span style="font-family: inherit;">Kelas : CB01</span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"> <span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: 15.84px;">Lecture : Henry Chong (D4460) dan <span style="background-color: transparent;">Ferdinand Ariandy Luwinda(</span><span style="background-color: transparent;">D4522)</span></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; font-size: 15.84px; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"> <span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span> <br /> <div style="font-size: medium;"> <span style="font-family: inherit;">apa itu avl tree?</span></div> <div style="font-size: medium;"> <span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></div> <div style="font-size: medium;"> <span style="font-family: inherit;">sebuah pohon biner terurut yang dapat menyeimbangkan dirinya sendiri. Pada sebuah pohon AVL, tinggi dari dua anak sub pohon dari simpul apapun memiliki perbedaan paling besar 'satu'. </span></div> <div style="font-size: medium;"> <span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">AVL Tree ditemukan oleh Adelson-Velskii dan Landis</span></span></div> <div style="font-size: medium;"> <span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></div> <div style="font-size: medium;"> <span style="font-family: inherit;">Lookup, penyisipan (insertion), dan penghapusan (deletion) semuanya memerlukan O(logn) kali dalam kasus biasa dan kasus terburuk. </span></div> <div style="font-size: medium;"> <span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></div> <div style="font-size: medium;"> <span style="font-family: inherit;">Penambahan (additions) dan penghapusan membutuhkan pohon tersebut untuk menyeimbangkan kembali dirinya melalui rotasi pohon satu kali atau lebih.</span></div> <div style="font-size: medium;"> <span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></div> <div style="font-size: medium;"> <span style="font-family: inherit;">cara perurutannya yaitu sebelah kiri nilai yang paling rendah sedangkan sebelah kanan nilai paling besar dari nilai utamanya (root),left<root<right.</span></div> <div style="font-size: medium;"> <span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></div> <div style="font-size: medium;"> <span style="font-family: inherit;">Ada 4 kasus yang biasanya terjadi saat operasi insert dilakukan, yaitu :</span></div> <div style="font-size: medium;"> <span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">anggap T adalah node yang harus diseimbangkan kembali</span></span></div> <div style="font-size: medium;"> <span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">– Kasus 1 : node terdalam terletak pada subtree kiri dari anak kiri T (left-left)</span></span></div> <div style="font-size: medium;"> <span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">– Kasus 2 : node terdalam terletak pada subtree kanan dari anak kanan T (right-right)</span></span></div> <div style="font-size: medium;"> <span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">– Kasus 3 : node terdalam terletak pada subtree kanan dari anak kiri T (right-left)</span></span></div> <div style="font-size: medium;"> <span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">– Kasus 4 : node terdalam terletak pada subtree kiri dari anak kanan T (left-right)</span></span></div> <div style="font-size: medium;"> <span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Ke-4 kasus tersebut dapat diselesaikan dengan melakukan rotasi</span></span></div> <div style="font-size: medium;"> <span style="font-family: inherit;">– dengan single rotation</span></div> <div style="font-size: medium;"> <span style="font-family: inherit;">– Kasus 3 dan 4 dengan double rotation</span></div> <div style="font-size: medium;"> <span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></div> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody> <tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiQQ-5508gvLbXSYixHVPFL6MP-rbiNrYnDOxsuFRmLOyryMrJ2212PtwlphQExU9g2olOqwZpmTpjLdZooiu0Jp-E2CZLsUO5Yh__QGQIVX163Rzs8G-92VjyX6gVdamgg0del4uDq-TzN/s1600/377px-Unbalanced_binary_tree.svg.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span style="color: black; font-family: inherit;"><img border="0" data-original-height="377" data-original-width="377" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiQQ-5508gvLbXSYixHVPFL6MP-rbiNrYnDOxsuFRmLOyryMrJ2212PtwlphQExU9g2olOqwZpmTpjLdZooiu0Jp-E2CZLsUO5Yh__QGQIVX163Rzs8G-92VjyX6gVdamgg0del4uDq-TzN/s320/377px-Unbalanced_binary_tree.svg.png" width="320" /></span></a></td></tr> <tr><td class="tr-caption" style="font-size: 12.8px;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">ini adalah unbalanced tree.</span></td></tr> </tbody></table> <table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody> <tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi9VpHDcZ-paGLNVA3VbCNpP-rQXWbAGmbZDmLslpKvyslq_MIHA8mUPUwLQpgUFuDQPA-8E1TIGZLkKM8IjLJJ0sZ5GtlA2ww3KZaIGEkR_4N-fK_kTq6aN0t-ysqLCSXAw0GyHrqt_T9N/s1600/377px-AVLtreef.svg.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span style="color: black; font-family: inherit;"><img border="0" data-original-height="168" data-original-width="377" height="142" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi9VpHDcZ-paGLNVA3VbCNpP-rQXWbAGmbZDmLslpKvyslq_MIHA8mUPUwLQpgUFuDQPA-8E1TIGZLkKM8IjLJJ0sZ5GtlA2ww3KZaIGEkR_4N-fK_kTq6aN0t-ysqLCSXAw0GyHrqt_T9N/s320/377px-AVLtreef.svg.png" width="320" /></span></a></td></tr> <tr><td class="tr-caption" style="font-size: 12.8px;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">setelah di rebalance menjadi AVL Tree</span></td></tr> </tbody></table> <div style="font-size: medium;"> <span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit;">A</span><span style="font-size: 16px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit;">da 2 kasus yang biasanya terjadi saat operasi </span><em style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">delete</em><span style="font-size: 16px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit;"> </span><span style="font-size: 16px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit;">dilakukan, yaitu :</span><main class="wp-content clear main-read the-640" style="box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px auto; max-width: 100%; width: 640px;"></main></span></div> <div style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; font-size: medium; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 27px; margin-bottom: 24px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> <span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span> <span style="font-family: inherit;">– Jika node yang akan dihapus berada pada posisi leaf atau node tanpa anak, maka dapat langsung di hapus.</span></div> <ul style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: medium; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; list-style: url("about:blank") none; margin: 0px 15px 24px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> <li style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px 15px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Jika node yang akan dihapus memiliki anak, maka proses penghapusannya harus di cek kembali untuk menyeimbangkan Binary Search Tree dengan perbedaan tinggi / level maksimal 1.</span></li> <li style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px 15px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">anggap T adalah node yang harus diseimbangkan kembali<br style="box-sizing: border-box;" />– Kasus 1 : node terdalam terletak pada subtree kiri dari anak kiri T (left-left)<br style="box-sizing: border-box;" />– Kasus 2 : node terdalam terletak pada subtree kanan dari anak kanan T (right-right)<br style="box-sizing: border-box;" />– Kasus 3 : node terdalam terletak pada subtree kanan dari anak kiri T (right-left)<br style="box-sizing: border-box;" />– Kasus 4 : node terdalam terletak pada subtree kiri dari anak kanan T (left-right)</span><div style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 27px; margin-bottom: 24px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> </div> <div style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 27px; margin-bottom: 24px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> <a href="https://socs.binus.ac.id/files/2017/05/vio-1.jpg" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: black; font-family: inherit;"><img alt="" class="aligncenter size-full wp-image-14730" height="116" src="https://socs.binus.ac.id/files/2017/05/vio-1.jpg" style="border: none; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; display: block; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: auto; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px auto; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" width="451" /></span></a></div> </li> </ul> <div style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; font-size: medium; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 27px; margin-bottom: 24px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> <span style="font-family: inherit;">Berikut contoh dalam menghapus node AVL Tree, terdapat AVL Tree yang kemudian di hapus node 60. Dengan gambaran sebagai berikut :</span></div> <div style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; font-size: medium; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 27px; margin-bottom: 24px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> <a href="https://socs.binus.ac.id/files/2017/05/vio-2.jpg" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: black; font-family: inherit;"><img alt="" class="aligncenter size-full wp-image-14731" height="180" src="https://socs.binus.ac.id/files/2017/05/vio-2.jpg" style="border: none; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; display: block; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: auto; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px auto; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" width="378" /></span></a></div> <div style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; font-size: medium; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 27px; margin-bottom: 24px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> <span style="font-family: inherit;">Yang akan menggantikan posisi node 60 adalah node 55. Akan terjadi ketidak seimbangan. Dengan tampilan sebagai berikut :</span></div> <div style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; font-size: medium; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 27px; margin-bottom: 24px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> <a href="https://socs.binus.ac.id/files/2017/05/vio-3.jpg" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: black; font-family: inherit;"><img alt="" class="aligncenter size-full wp-image-14732" height="167" src="https://socs.binus.ac.id/files/2017/05/vio-3.jpg" style="border: none; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; display: block; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: auto; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px auto; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" width="349" /></span></a></div> <div style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; font-size: medium; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 27px; margin-bottom: 24px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> <span style="font-family: inherit;">Maka akan dilakukan <em style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">single rotation</em> pada node 55 dengan kasus ketidak seimbangan pada kasus no. 2. Dengan tampilan setelah dilakukan single rotation sebagai berikut :</span></div> <div style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; font-size: medium; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 27px; margin-bottom: 24px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> <a href="https://socs.binus.ac.id/files/2017/05/vio-4.jpg" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: black; font-family: inherit;"><img alt="" class="aligncenter size-full wp-image-14733" height="178" src="https://socs.binus.ac.id/files/2017/05/vio-4.jpg" style="border: none; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; display: block; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: auto; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px auto; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" width="373" /></span></a></div> <div style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; font-size: medium; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 27px; margin-bottom: 24px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> <span style="font-family: inherit;">Ketika sudah dilakukan single rotation dan dilakukan kembali perbedaan tinggi / level maksimal 1 ternyata terdapat ketidak seimbangan yang terjadi. Sehingga diperlukan double rotation dengan kasus no. 4. Sehingga hasil dari rotasi yang dilakukan adalah sebagai berikut :</span></div> <div style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; font-size: medium; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 27px; margin-bottom: 24px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> <a href="https://socs.binus.ac.id/files/2017/05/vio-5.jpg" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: black; font-family: inherit;"><img alt="" class="aligncenter size-full wp-image-14734" height="183" src="https://socs.binus.ac.id/files/2017/05/vio-5.jpg" style="border: none; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; display: block; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: auto; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px auto; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" width="248" /></span></a></div> <div style="font-size: medium;"> <span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></div> <h2 style="text-align: left;"> <span style="font-family: inherit;"> HEAP</span></h2> <div style="font-size: medium;"> <span style="font-family: inherit;">Nah, jadi guys Heap adalah complete binary tree (bukan binary search tree) yang mempunyai properties sebagai berikut:</span></div> <div style="font-size: medium;"> <span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></div> <div style="font-size: medium;"> <span style="font-family: inherit;">Min Heap terdiri atas Setiap <b>node(parents)</b> lebih kecil dari masing-masing childnya</span></div> <div style="font-size: medium;"> <span style="font-family: inherit;">Root merupakan node<b> paling kecil</b>, sedangkan node <b>terbesar</b> terletak pada leaf node</span></div> <table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody> <tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://media.geeksforgeeks.org/wp-content/cdn-uploads/binaryheap.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://media.geeksforgeeks.org/wp-content/cdn-uploads/binaryheap.png" width="272" /></span></a></td></tr> <tr><td class="tr-caption" style="font-size: 12.8px;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">min heap</span></td></tr> </tbody></table> <div style="font-size: medium;"> <span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></div> <div style="font-size: medium;"> <span style="font-family: inherit;">Max Heap terdiri atas Setiap <b>node(parents)</b> lebih besar dari masing-masing childnya</span></div> <div style="font-size: medium;"> <span style="font-family: inherit;">Root merupakan node <b>paling besar</b>, sedangkan node <b>terkecil</b> terletak pada leaf node</span></div> <table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody> <tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://media.geeksforgeeks.org/wp-content/uploads/MaxHeap.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><img alt="max-heap" border="0" src="https://media.geeksforgeeks.org/wp-content/uploads/MaxHeap.png" /></span></a></td></tr> <tr><td class="tr-caption" style="font-size: 12.8px;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">max heap</span></td></tr> </tbody></table> <div style="font-size: medium;"> <span style="font-family: inherit;">Setelah itu ada juga min-max heap.</span></div> <div style="font-size: medium;"> <span style="font-family: inherit;">Min-max heap adalah Heap dengan <u>Min heap pada level ganjil(1,3,5 dst)</u> dan <u>Max heap pada level genap(2,4,6,8,dst)</u></span><br /> <table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody> <tr><td style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><img alt="Min-max heap - Wikipedia" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Min-max_heap.jpg/400px-Min-max_heap.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" /></span></td></tr> <tr><td class="tr-caption" style="font-size: 12.8px;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">min max heap</span></td></tr> </tbody></table> <span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span> <span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span> <span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span> <span style="font-family: inherit;">Heap bisa diimplementasi dengan array maupun dengan linked list. Aplikasi heap merupakan menjadi berikut:</span><br /> <span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span> <u><span style="font-family: inherit;">Priority Queue</span></u><br /> <span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span> <br /> <ol style="text-align: left;"> <li><span style="font-family: inherit;">Selection algorithm</span></li> <li><span style="font-family: inherit;">Dijkstra's Algorithm</span></li> <li><span style="font-family: inherit;">Prim Algorithm</span></li> </ol> <span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span> <span style="font-family: inherit;">Implementasi heap memakai array yaitu Array dimulai menggunakan indeks ke 1</span><br /> <span style="font-family: inherit;">Rumus umum pelaksanaan heap dengan array (x adalah current node):</span><br /> <span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span> <br /> <ul style="text-align: left;"> <li><span style="font-family: inherit;">Parent(x): x/2</span></li> <li><span style="font-family: inherit;">Left-child(x): 2*x</span></li> <li><span style="font-family: inherit;">Right-Child(x): 2*x+1</span></li> </ul> <span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span> <br /> <h3 style="text-align: left;"> <b><span style="font-family: inherit;">Operasi pada Min Heap</span></b></h3> <div> <div> <ul style="text-align: left;"> <li><span style="font-family: inherit;">Find-Min</span></li> </ul> </div> <div> <span style="font-family: inherit;">Minimum node terletak pada root</span></div> <div> <ul style="text-align: left;"> <li><span style="font-family: inherit;">Insertion pada Min-heap</span></li> </ul> </div> <div> <span style="font-family: inherit;">Insert node selalu berurutan berdasarkan level paling rendah menggunakan urutan left ke right</span></div> <div> <span style="font-family: inherit;">New node selalu menjadi leaf node</span></div> <div> <span style="font-family: inherit;">Sesuikan sesuai heap properties secara rekursif</span></div> <div> <ul style="text-align: left;"> <li><span style="font-family: inherit;">Deletion-Min dalam Min-Heap</span></li> </ul> </div> <div> <span style="font-family: inherit;">Node yg dihapus selalu root karena merupakan node paling kecil, kemudian diganti dengan node yang paling terakhir di insert</span></div> <div> <span style="font-family: inherit;">Sesuaikan dengan heap properties secara rekursif</span></div> <h3 style="text-align: left;"> <span style="font-family: inherit;"> Operasi pada Max Heap</span></h3> <div> <span style="font-family: inherit;">Insertion dan deletion untuk Max heap, hanya saja disesuakan menggunakan properties Max-Heap</span></div> <div> <span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></div> <div> <ul style="text-align: left;"> <li><span style="font-family: inherit;">Min-Max Heap</span></li> </ul> </div> <div> <span style="font-family: inherit;">Insert node sinkron urutan, lalu cek upheap lalu sesuaikan dengan properties level.</span></div> <div> <span style="font-family: inherit;">Umumnya dilakukan penyesuaian rekursif dengan urutan menjadi berikut:</span></div> <div> <ol style="text-align: left;"> <li><span style="font-family: inherit;">Parent</span></li> <li><span style="font-family: inherit;">Grand Parent</span></li> </ol> </div> <div> <ul style="text-align: left;"> <li><span style="font-family: inherit;">Deletion selalu dilakukan dalam root, kemudian sesuaikan menggunakan downheap sesuai properties</span></li> </ul> </div> <div> <span style="font-family: inherit;">Umumnya dilakukan penyesuaian secara rekursif dengan urutan sebahai berikut:</span></div> <div> <ol style="text-align: left;"> <li><span style="font-family: inherit;">Grand child</span></li> <li><span style="font-family: inherit;">Child ( grand child disesuaikan menggunakan parentnya)</span></li> </ol> <h2 style="text-align: left;"> <span style="font-family: inherit;"> TRIES</span></h2> <div> <span style="font-family: inherit;">Trie adalah struktur data pencarian informasi yang efisien.</span></div> <div> <span style="font-family: inherit;"> Menggunakan Trie, kompleksitas pencarian dapat dibawa ke batas optimal (panjang kunci). Jika kita menyimpan kunci dalam BST, BST yang seimbang akan membutuhkan waktu yang proporsional dengan M * log N, di mana M adalah panjang string maksimum dan N adalah jumlah kunci dalam pohon. Dengan menggunakan Trie, kita dapat mencari kunci dalam waktu O (M).</span></div> <div> <span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></div> <table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody> <tr><td style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><img height="400" src="https://media.geeksforgeeks.org/wp-content/cdn-uploads/Trie.png" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" width="303" /></span></td></tr> <tr><td class="tr-caption" style="font-size: 12.8px;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">tries</span></td></tr> </tbody></table> <span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span> <br /> <div> <div> <span style="font-family: inherit;">Jadi kesimpulannya Tries adalah tree yang dilakukan buat menyimpan array asosiatif</span></div> <div> <span style="font-family: inherit;">Properties pada tries terdiri atas:</span></div> <div> <ol style="text-align: left;"> <li><span style="font-family: inherit;">Setiap vertex/node merepresentasikan satu huruf</span></li> <li><span style="font-family: inherit;">Root merepresentasikan karakter kosong</span></li> <li><span style="font-family: inherit;">Aplikasi pada trees adalah fitur auto-complete yg ada pada web-browser</span></li> </ol> <div> <span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div> <span style="font-family: inherit;">SEKIAN DAN TERIMA KASIH</span></div> <div> <span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></div> <span style="font-family: inherit;">credit:</span><br /> <span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span> <a href="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/binary-heap/"><span style="font-family: inherit;">https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/binary-heap/</span></a><br /> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Min-max_heap"><span style="font-family: inherit;">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Min-max_heap</span></a><br /> <a href="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/minimum-element-in-a-max-heap/"><span style="font-family: inherit;">https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/minimum-element-in-a-max-heap/</span></a><br /> <a href="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/max-heap-in-java/"><span style="font-family: inherit;">https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/max-heap-in-java/</span></a><br /> <a href="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/trie-insert-and-search/"><span style="font-family: inherit;">https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/trie-insert-and-search/</span></a></div> <div style="font-size: medium;"> <a href="https://socs.binus.ac.id/2016/12/20/insertion-avl-tree/"><span style="color: black; font-family: inherit;">https://socs.binus.ac.id/2016/12/20/insertion-avl-tree/</span></a></div> <div style="font-size: medium;"> <span style="color: black; font-family: inherit;"><a href="https://socs.binus.ac.id/2017/05/15/deletion-avl-tree/">https://socs.binus.ac.id/2017/05/15/deletion-avl-tree/</a></span></div> <div> <br /></div> </div> </div>

SOCS Final Review

Chrysanti Anastasya Silaban 2301877464 Kelas : CB01 Lecture : Henry Chong (D4460) dan  Ferdinand Ariandy Luwinda( D4522) apa it...

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Rasa Untukmu itu memang ada

<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"> <div dir="ltr"> matahari pagi menyapa diriku yang terus terpana. wangi tubuhmu tercium, akupun menahan sambil mengulum senyum. </div> <div dir="ltr"> waktu tujuh bulan yang lalu , namun kuingat selalu.<br /> dari balik kacamataku, aku memandangmu hingga terpaku . <br /> Mengikuti gerak mata dan bahasa tubuh yang buat aku kian makin terjatuh.<br /> aku memang terlalu miris, tanpa sadar cinta membunuhku secara sadis.<br /> rasa untukmu itu memang ada.</div> <div dir="ltr"> kita memang adalah seorang teman, tapi salah satu hati ingin jadi pasangan.</div> <div dir="ltr"> Aku tak selalu indah, karena hatiku sering gundah.akupun tak pandai, juga tak bisa berandai-andai. aku hanya mengikuti alur takdir, siapa tahu hati tak disambar petir. karena itu aku tak pantas lebih dari teman.</div> <div dir="ltr"> manusia seperti aku, tak bisa mengatakan apapun kepada kamu.<br /> aku hanya bisa mengatakan aku 'baik' saja , padahal hati nyatanya sangat terluka.</div> <div dir="ltr"> fikiranku selalu dipenuhi olehmu<br /> padahal kamu tidak ingat denganku.<br /> kata hatiku kamu berkata rindu, padahal semua itu hanya semu. kuyakini, rasa ini hanya berat sebelah, dan kenyataan itu buatku terbelah-belah.</div> <div dir="ltr"> kusadari dan kusadari lagi.<br /> kita pernah sejenak bahagia bersama.<br /> meski bahagiamu tak sepenuhnya tertuju padaku.</div> <div dir="ltr"> percayalah;aku hanya gadis hampir enambelas tahun menyukai seorang yang sepertinya sudah bisa disebut sebagai seorang pria.<br /> percayalah; rasa ini hanya ingin dipercayai, bukan untuk dikasihani.</div> <div dir="ltr"> aku begitu terpikat pada cara pandangmu yang penuh makna tersirat.<br /> kamu terlihat menyebalkan tapi itu sisi dirimu yang aku sangat rindukan.</div> <div dir="ltr"> aku begitu banyak pengharapan, tapi aku tak dapat berharap sedikitpun kepada kamu.<br /> tetap melihat kamu; adalah salah satu permintaan yang kuselipkan dalam doaku.<br /> dan dicintai kamu; adalah mimpiku yang tak pernah terdengar olehmu.</div> <div dir="ltr"> pagi itu, saat aku mulai masuk waktu saat teduh dan berdoa pada Tuhan-ku, <br /> aku memohon untuk selalu bisa menjadi temanmu;setidaknya.<br /> setidaknya, aku berada dalam daftar nama temanmu , meski tak ku pungkiri aku ingin lebih dari itu.</div> <div dir="ltr"> karena selama angin tetap berhembus, kuharap aku selalu diingat meski kamu didalam bus.<br /> karena selama kita masih di Indonesia, kuharap aku selalu diingat meski kamu telah amnesia.<br /> karena selama jarak kita tetap jauh, ku harap aku akan selalu diingat meski kamu sedang jenuh.</div> <div dir="ltr"> rasa untukmu itu memang ada.</div> <div dir="ltr"> <i>Salam untukmu,</i><br /> <i>Aku. </i></div> </div>

Ini galau? Rasa Untukmu itu memang ada

matahari pagi menyapa diriku yang terus terpana. wangi tubuhmu tercium, akupun menahan sambil mengulum senyum.  waktu tujuh bulan yang l...

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HEAP & TRIES

<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> </div> <div style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"> </div> <br /> <br /> <b>Hallo semua, kembali lagi dengan materi Data Struct. Kali ini, gue bakalan bahas tentang <u>heap and tries.</u></b><br /> <br /> Q: LAH AGA MUNCUL LU TBTB BAWA MATERI YG GA PERNAH W DENGER. APAAN TUH!!??<br /> A: YA MAAP NAMANYA TUGAS MANA GUE TAU LU PERNAH DENGER APA ENGGA.<br /> Q: LOH KOK NGE GAS?<br /> A: LAH? YA MAAP<br /> Q: YAUDAH LANJUT DAH MATERI LU BIAR GUE DENGERIN<br /> A: OK SIMAK YE.<br /> <h2 style="text-align: left;"> HEAP</h2> Nah, jadi guys Heap adalah complete binary tree (bukan binary search tree) yang mempunyai properties sebagai berikut:<br /> <br /> Min Heap terdiri atas Setiap <b>node(parents)</b> lebih kecil dari masing-masing childnya<br /> Root merupakan node<b> paling kecil</b>, sedangkan node <b>terbesar</b> terletak pada leaf node<br /> <table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody> <tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://media.geeksforgeeks.org/wp-content/cdn-uploads/binaryheap.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://media.geeksforgeeks.org/wp-content/cdn-uploads/binaryheap.png" width="272" /></a></td></tr> <tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">min heap</td></tr> </tbody></table> <br />Max Heap terdiri atas Setiap <b>node(parents)</b> lebih besar dari masing-masing childnya<br /> Root merupakan node <b>paling besar</b>, sedangkan node <b>terkecil</b> terletak pada leaf node<br /> <table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody> <tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://media.geeksforgeeks.org/wp-content/uploads/MaxHeap.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="max-heap" border="0" src="https://media.geeksforgeeks.org/wp-content/uploads/MaxHeap.png" /></a></td></tr> <tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">max heap</td></tr> </tbody></table> Setelah itu ada juga min-max heap.<div> Min-max heap adalah Heap dengan <u>Min heap pada level ganjil(1,3,5 dst)</u> dan <u>Max heap pada level genap(2,4,6,8,dst)</u><br /> <table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody> <tr><td style="text-align: center;"><img alt="Min-max heap - Wikipedia" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Min-max_heap.jpg/400px-Min-max_heap.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" /></td></tr> <tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">min max heap</td></tr> </tbody></table> <br /> <br /> <br /> Heap bisa diimplementasi dengan array maupun dengan linked list. Aplikasi heap merupakan menjadi berikut:<br /> <br /> <u>Priority Queue</u><br /> <br /> <ol style="text-align: left;"> <li>Selection algorithm</li> <li>Dijkstra's Algorithm</li> <li>Prim Algorithm</li> </ol> <br /> Implementasi heap memakai array yaitu Array dimulai menggunakan indeks ke 1<br /> Rumus umum pelaksanaan heap dengan array (x adalah current node):<br /> <br /> <ul style="text-align: left;"> <li>Parent(x): x/2</li> <li>Left-child(x): 2*x</li> <li>Right-Child(x): 2*x+1</li> </ul> <br /> <h3 style="text-align: left;"> <b>Operasi pada Min Heap</b></h3> <div> <div> <ul style="text-align: left;"> <li>Find-Min</li> </ul> </div> <div> Minimum node terletak pada root</div> <div> <ul style="text-align: left;"> <li>Insertion pada Min-heap</li> </ul> </div> <div> Insert node selalu berurutan berdasarkan level paling rendah menggunakan urutan left ke right</div> <div> New node selalu menjadi leaf node</div> <div> Sesuikan sesuai heap properties secara rekursif</div> <div> <ul style="text-align: left;"> <li>Deletion-Min dalam Min-Heap</li> </ul> </div> <div> Node yg dihapus selalu root karena merupakan node paling kecil, kemudian diganti dengan node yang paling terakhir di insert</div> <div> Sesuaikan dengan heap properties secara rekursif</div> <h3 style="text-align: left;"> Operasi pada Max Heap</h3> <div> Insertion dan deletion untuk Max heap, hanya saja disesuakan menggunakan properties Max-Heap</div> <div> <br /></div> <div> <ul style="text-align: left;"> <li>Min-Max Heap</li> </ul> </div> <div> Insert node sinkron urutan, lalu cek upheap lalu sesuaikan dengan properties level.</div> <div> Umumnya dilakukan penyesuaian rekursif dengan urutan menjadi berikut:</div> <div> <ol style="text-align: left;"> <li>Parent</li> <li>Grand Parent</li> </ol> </div> <div> <ul style="text-align: left;"> <li>Deletion selalu dilakukan dalam root, kemudian sesuaikan menggunakan downheap sesuai properties</li> </ul> </div> <div> Umumnya dilakukan penyesuaian secara rekursif dengan urutan sebahai berikut:</div> <div> <ol style="text-align: left;"> <li>Grand child</li> <li>Child ( grand child disesuaikan menggunakan parentnya)</li> </ol> <h2 style="text-align: left;"> TRIES</h2> <div> Trie adalah struktur data pencarian informasi yang efisien.</div> <div>  Menggunakan Trie, kompleksitas pencarian dapat dibawa ke batas optimal (panjang kunci). Jika kita menyimpan kunci dalam BST, BST yang seimbang akan membutuhkan waktu yang proporsional dengan M * log N, di mana M adalah panjang string maksimum dan N adalah jumlah kunci dalam pohon. Dengan menggunakan Trie, kita dapat mencari kunci dalam waktu O (M).</div> <div> <br /></div> <table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody> <tr><td style="text-align: center;"><img height="400" src="https://media.geeksforgeeks.org/wp-content/cdn-uploads/Trie.png" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" width="303" /></td></tr> <tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">tries</td></tr> </tbody></table> <br /><div> <div> Jadi kesimpulannya Tries adalah tree yang dilakukan buat menyimpan array asosiatif</div> <div> Properties pada tries terdiri atas:</div> <div> <ol style="text-align: left;"> <li>Setiap vertex/node merepresentasikan satu huruf</li> <li>Root merepresentasikan karakter kosong</li> <li>Aplikasi pada trees adalah fitur auto-complete yg ada pada web-browser</li> </ol> <div> <br /></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div> SEKIAN DAN TERIMA KASIH</div> <div> <br /></div> credit:<br /> <a href="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/binary-heap/">https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/binary-heap/</a><br /> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Min-max_heap">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Min-max_heap</a><br /> <a href="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/minimum-element-in-a-max-heap/">https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/minimum-element-in-a-max-heap/</a><br /> <a href="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/max-heap-in-java/">https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/max-heap-in-java/</a><br /> <a href="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/trie-insert-and-search/">https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/trie-insert-and-search/</a></div> </div>

SOCS HEAP & TRIES

Hallo semua, kembali lagi dengan materi Data Struct. Kali ini, gue bakalan bahas tentang heap and tries. Q: LAH AGA MUNCUL LU TBTB ...

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AVL Tree

<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"> <span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Halo, setelah beberapa lama tidak posting karena masa UTS. akhirnya tugas ini datang lagi. setelah 2 minggu UTS yg cukup berdarah-darah, akhirnya aku bisa menyelesaikan semua soal. gatau sih,bener banyak apa bonyok banyak yang penting udah lewat :)</span><br /> <br /> <span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">kali ini, kita bakalan bahas materi yang lebih advanced. kt akan membahas tentang AVL TREE.</span><br /> <span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">apa itu avl tree?</span><br /> <br /> <span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">sebuah pohon biner terurut yang dapat menyeimbangkan dirinya sendiri. Pada sebuah pohon AVL, tinggi dari dua anak sub pohon dari simpul apapun memiliki perbedaan paling besar 'satu'. </span><br /> <span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span> <span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">AVL Tree ditemukan oleh Adelson-Velskii dan Landis</span><br /> <br /> <span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Lookup, penyisipan (insertion), dan penghapusan (deletion) semuanya memerlukan O(logn) kali dalam kasus biasa dan kasus terburuk. </span><br /> <br /> <span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Penambahan (additions) dan penghapusan membutuhkan pohon tersebut untuk menyeimbangkan kembali dirinya melalui rotasi pohon satu kali atau lebih.</span><br /> <br /> <span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">cara perurutannya yaitu sebelah kiri nilai yang paling rendah sedangkan sebelah kanan nilai paling besar dari nilai utamanya (root),left<root<right.</span><br /> <br /> <span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Ada 4 kasus yang biasanya terjadi saat operasi insert dilakukan, yaitu :</span><br /> <span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span> <span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">anggap T adalah node yang harus diseimbangkan kembali</span><br /> <span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span> <span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">– Kasus 1 : node terdalam terletak pada subtree kiri dari anak kiri T (left-left)</span><br /> <span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span> <span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">– Kasus 2 : node terdalam terletak pada subtree kanan dari anak kanan T (right-right)</span><br /> <span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span> <span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">– Kasus 3 : node terdalam terletak pada subtree kanan dari anak kiri T (right-left)</span><br /> <span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span> <span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">– Kasus 4 : node terdalam terletak pada subtree kiri dari anak kanan T (left-right)</span><br /> <span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span> <span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Ke-4 kasus tersebut dapat diselesaikan dengan melakukan rotasi</span><br /> <span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">– dengan single rotation</span><br /> <span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">– Kasus 3 dan 4 dengan double rotation</span><br /> <span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span> <br /> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody> <tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiQQ-5508gvLbXSYixHVPFL6MP-rbiNrYnDOxsuFRmLOyryMrJ2212PtwlphQExU9g2olOqwZpmTpjLdZooiu0Jp-E2CZLsUO5Yh__QGQIVX163Rzs8G-92VjyX6gVdamgg0del4uDq-TzN/s1600/377px-Unbalanced_binary_tree.svg.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span style="color: black;"><img border="0" data-original-height="377" data-original-width="377" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiQQ-5508gvLbXSYixHVPFL6MP-rbiNrYnDOxsuFRmLOyryMrJ2212PtwlphQExU9g2olOqwZpmTpjLdZooiu0Jp-E2CZLsUO5Yh__QGQIVX163Rzs8G-92VjyX6gVdamgg0del4uDq-TzN/s320/377px-Unbalanced_binary_tree.svg.png" width="320" /></span></a></td></tr> <tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">ini adalah unbalanced tree.</td></tr> </tbody></table> <table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody> <tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi9VpHDcZ-paGLNVA3VbCNpP-rQXWbAGmbZDmLslpKvyslq_MIHA8mUPUwLQpgUFuDQPA-8E1TIGZLkKM8IjLJJ0sZ5GtlA2ww3KZaIGEkR_4N-fK_kTq6aN0t-ysqLCSXAw0GyHrqt_T9N/s1600/377px-AVLtreef.svg.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span style="color: black;"><img border="0" data-original-height="168" data-original-width="377" height="142" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi9VpHDcZ-paGLNVA3VbCNpP-rQXWbAGmbZDmLslpKvyslq_MIHA8mUPUwLQpgUFuDQPA-8E1TIGZLkKM8IjLJJ0sZ5GtlA2ww3KZaIGEkR_4N-fK_kTq6aN0t-ysqLCSXAw0GyHrqt_T9N/s320/377px-AVLtreef.svg.png" width="320" /></span></a></td></tr> <tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">setelah di rebalance menjadi AVL Tree</td></tr> </tbody></table> <span style="font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit;">A</span><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: 16px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit;">da 2 kasus yang biasanya terjadi saat operasi </span><em style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: inherit; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">delete</em><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: 16px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit;"> </span><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: 16px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit;">dilakukan, yaitu :</span><main class="wp-content clear main-read the-640" style="box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; font-family: "Open Sans", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px auto; max-width: 100%; width: 640px;"></main><br /> <div style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 27px; margin-bottom: 24px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> <br /> – Jika node yang akan dihapus berada pada posisi leaf atau node tanpa anak, maka dapat langsung di hapus.</div> <ul style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; list-style: url("../images/css/bullet.png") none; margin: 0px 15px 24px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> <li style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px 15px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Jika node yang akan dihapus memiliki anak, maka proses penghapusannya harus di cek kembali untuk menyeimbangkan Binary Search Tree dengan perbedaan tinggi / level maksimal 1.</li> <li style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px 15px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">anggap T adalah node yang harus diseimbangkan kembali<br style="box-sizing: border-box;" />– Kasus 1 : node terdalam terletak pada subtree kiri dari anak kiri T (left-left)<br style="box-sizing: border-box;" />– Kasus 2 : node terdalam terletak pada subtree kanan dari anak kanan T (right-right)<br style="box-sizing: border-box;" />– Kasus 3 : node terdalam terletak pada subtree kanan dari anak kiri T (right-left)<br style="box-sizing: border-box;" />– Kasus 4 : node terdalam terletak pada subtree kiri dari anak kanan T (left-right)<div style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 27px; margin-bottom: 24px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> </div> <div style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 27px; margin-bottom: 24px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> <a href="https://socs.binus.ac.id/files/2017/05/vio-1.jpg" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: black;"><img alt="" class="aligncenter size-full wp-image-14730" height="116" src="https://socs.binus.ac.id/files/2017/05/vio-1.jpg" style="border: none; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; display: block; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: auto; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px auto; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" width="451" /></span></a></div> </li> </ul> <div style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 27px; margin-bottom: 24px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> Berikut contoh dalam menghapus node AVL Tree, terdapat AVL Tree yang kemudian di hapus node 60. Dengan gambaran sebagai berikut :</div> <div style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 27px; margin-bottom: 24px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> <a href="https://socs.binus.ac.id/files/2017/05/vio-2.jpg" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: black;"><img alt="" class="aligncenter size-full wp-image-14731" height="180" src="https://socs.binus.ac.id/files/2017/05/vio-2.jpg" style="border: none; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; display: block; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: auto; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px auto; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" width="378" /></span></a></div> <div style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 27px; margin-bottom: 24px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> Yang akan menggantikan posisi node 60 adalah node 55. Akan terjadi ketidak seimbangan. Dengan tampilan sebagai berikut :</div> <div style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 27px; margin-bottom: 24px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> <a href="https://socs.binus.ac.id/files/2017/05/vio-3.jpg" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: black;"><img alt="" class="aligncenter size-full wp-image-14732" height="167" src="https://socs.binus.ac.id/files/2017/05/vio-3.jpg" style="border: none; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; display: block; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: auto; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px auto; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" width="349" /></span></a></div> <div style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 27px; margin-bottom: 24px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> Maka akan dilakukan <em style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">single rotation</em> pada node 55 dengan kasus ketidak seimbangan pada kasus no. 2. Dengan tampilan setelah dilakukan single rotation sebagai berikut :</div> <div style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 27px; margin-bottom: 24px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> <a href="https://socs.binus.ac.id/files/2017/05/vio-4.jpg" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: black;"><img alt="" class="aligncenter size-full wp-image-14733" height="178" src="https://socs.binus.ac.id/files/2017/05/vio-4.jpg" style="border: none; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; display: block; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: auto; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px auto; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" width="373" /></span></a></div> <div style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 27px; margin-bottom: 24px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> Ketika sudah dilakukan single rotation dan dilakukan kembali perbedaan tinggi / level maksimal 1 ternyata terdapat ketidak seimbangan yang terjadi. Sehingga diperlukan double rotation dengan kasus no. 4. Sehingga hasil dari rotasi yang dilakukan adalah sebagai berikut :</div> <div style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 27px; margin-bottom: 24px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> <a href="https://socs.binus.ac.id/files/2017/05/vio-5.jpg" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: black;"><img alt="" class="aligncenter size-full wp-image-14734" height="183" src="https://socs.binus.ac.id/files/2017/05/vio-5.jpg" style="border: none; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; display: block; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: auto; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px auto; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" width="248" /></span></a></div> <br /> source :<br /> <a href="https://socs.binus.ac.id/2016/12/20/insertion-avl-tree/"><span style="color: black;">https://socs.binus.ac.id/2016/12/20/insertion-avl-tree/</span></a><br /> <a href="https://socs.binus.ac.id/2017/05/15/deletion-avl-tree/"><span style="color: black;">https://socs.binus.ac.id/2017/05/15/deletion-avl-tree/</span></a><br /> <span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>

SOCS AVL Tree

Halo, setelah beberapa lama tidak posting karena masa UTS. akhirnya tugas ini datang lagi. setelah 2 minggu UTS yg cukup berdarah-darah, ak...

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Summary

<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"> <span style="font-family: inherit;">pa sih itu Linked List?</span><br /> <span style="font-family: inherit;">sederhananya adalah sebuah struktur data yang sangat dinamis di mana elemen dapat <b><u>ditambahkan</u></b> atau <b><u>dihapus</u></b> dari mana saja sesuka hati kita, Juga, setiap elemennya disebut node atau <span style="background-color: white; color: #222222;">koleksi linear </span><span style="background-color: white; color: #222222;">dari data dimana setiap node menunjuk pada node lain melalui pointer.</span></span><br /> <span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: inherit;"><span style="background-color: white;">Pada semester sebelumnya, kita sudah belajar tentang pointer bukan?</span></span></span><br /> <span style="color: #222222; font-family: inherit;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Tentunya teman-teman harus masih inget dong.</span></span><br /> <span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: inherit;"><span style="background-color: white;">Nah, Pada linked list terdapat beberapa jenis tuh . kali ini spesial banget aku bakalan bahas tiga hal dibawah ini yaitu :</span></span></span><br /> <div style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; margin-top: 4.8pt; text-indent: -0.5in; unicode-bidi: embed; word-break: normal;"> <span style="color: red; font-family: inherit;">1.Circular Single Linked List</span></div> <div style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; margin-top: 4.8pt; text-indent: -0.5in; unicode-bidi: embed; word-break: normal;"> <span style="color: red; font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-family: +mj-lt; mso-special-format: "numbullet3\,1";">2.</span>Doubly Linked List</span></div> <div style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; margin-top: 4.8pt; text-indent: -0.5in; unicode-bidi: embed; word-break: normal;"> <span style="color: red; font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-family: +mj-lt; mso-special-format: "numbullet3\,1";">3.</span>Circular Doubly Linked List</span></div> <div style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; margin-top: 4.8pt; text-indent: -0.5in; unicode-bidi: embed; word-break: normal;"> <span style="font-family: inherit;">mari kita bahas satu persatu! </span></div> <div style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; margin-top: 4.8pt; text-indent: -0.5in; unicode-bidi: embed; word-break: normal;"> <b>1. Circular single linked list</b></div> <div style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; margin-top: 4.8pt; text-indent: -0.5in; unicode-bidi: embed; word-break: normal;"> <i>Q : apa sih itu circular single linked list? </i></div> <div style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; margin-top: 4.8pt; text-indent: -0.5in; unicode-bidi: embed; word-break: normal;"> <span style="font-family: inherit;">A: Dari kata circular sebenarnya bisa langsung kita tahu bhwa linked list yang satu ini membentuk sebuah siklus nih. Artinya, simpul di awal dan akhirnya bersebelahan atau ismpul terakhir berisi pointer ke simpul pertama. Di linked list yang satu ini juga Tidak ada penyimpanan nilai NULL dalam list.</span></div> <table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody> <tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgLw3oldA_e_R8nwsPNE-DuiQIDJVdjba08qTMTeR2s0ihJiK2iN_Ujp6sXQoALQ7gbyIiDR8rxRHufmRbWz4ptlsDY-PRs4u8eA9hhj1uYh-4s4b4mvMYun8zNu3wtH-0IlrkJZ8mFFtMH/s1600/circular-singly-linked-list.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><img border="0" data-original-height="286" data-original-width="795" height="143" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgLw3oldA_e_R8nwsPNE-DuiQIDJVdjba08qTMTeR2s0ihJiK2iN_Ujp6sXQoALQ7gbyIiDR8rxRHufmRbWz4ptlsDY-PRs4u8eA9hhj1uYh-4s4b4mvMYun8zNu3wtH-0IlrkJZ8mFFtMH/s400/circular-singly-linked-list.png" width="400" /></span></a></td></tr> <tr><td class="tr-caption" style="font-size: 12.8px;"><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: small;">sumber :<a href="https://www.javatpoint.com/circular-singly-linked-list">https://www.javatpoint.com/circular-singly-linked-list</a></span></td></tr> </tbody></table> <span style="font-family: inherit;">Dalam linked list ini kan sudah disebutkan tuh bisa ngapain aja, bisa nambahin atau menghapus. Nah aku bakalan sebutin apa aja yang bisa dilakuin sama linked list satu ini:</span><br /> <div> <ol style="text-align: left;"> <li><span style="font-family: inherit;"> Menambahkan diawal<br />yaitu Menambahkan simpul ke c<span style="background-color: white;">ircular singly linked list</span> yang ditautkan sendiri di awal.</span></li> <li><span style="font-family: inherit;">Menambahkan diakhir<br />Menambahkan node ke c<span style="background-color: white;">ircular singly linked list</span>yang ditaukan di akhir</span></li> <li><span style="font-family: inherit;">Penghapusan di awal.<br />Menghapus simpul dari <span style="background-color: white;">circular singly linked list </span>yang ditautkan di awal. </span></li> <li><span style="font-family: inherit;"> Penghapusan di bagian akhir<br />Menghapus simpul dari daftar tertaut tunggal melingkar di bagian akhir.</span></li> <li><span style="font-family: inherit;"> Pencarian<br />Membandingkan setiap elemen dari simpul dengan item yang diberikan dan kembalikan lokasi di mana item tersebut ada dalam daftar jika tidak mengembalikan null.</span></li> <li><span style="font-family: inherit;">Traversing<br />Mengunjungi setiap elemen daftar setidaknya satu kali untuk melakukan beberapa operasi tertentu.</span></li> </ol> <div> <span style="font-family: inherit;"><b><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="text-indent: -48px;">2.</span><span style="text-indent: -48px;">Doubly Linked List</span></span></b></span><br /> <i>Q: Apa itu double linked list? apa bedanya sama double linked list?</i><br /> <span style="font-family: inherit;">A : Iya bener banget! itu sama aja kok. Cuma beda penyebutan aja tuh hehehe. jadi , doubly/double linked list itu struktur data yang mempunyai dua tautan , satu yang merujuk kepada data setelahnya , satu lagi yang merujuk pada sebelumnya. </span><br /> <table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody> <tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjrkULRaSqVHlSKIdp3I2f742oUWnYsoqYY8CYTupoYnLupIa1JFKkasrSe3OmlMaA0ClrzT-FjKy7KiSo1YLxLc_UFSRwZT6Gh_He9Zv63o7-1F1b8hWJPO9QLtEv0a23qHoErU3wARxRt/s1600/doubly-linked-list2.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><img border="0" data-original-height="202" data-original-width="703" height="114" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjrkULRaSqVHlSKIdp3I2f742oUWnYsoqYY8CYTupoYnLupIa1JFKkasrSe3OmlMaA0ClrzT-FjKy7KiSo1YLxLc_UFSRwZT6Gh_He9Zv63o7-1F1b8hWJPO9QLtEv0a23qHoErU3wARxRt/s400/doubly-linked-list2.png" width="400" /></span></a></td></tr> <tr><td class="tr-caption" style="font-size: 12.8px;"><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: small;">sumber : <a href="https://javatpoint.com/doubly-linked-list">https://javatpoint.com/doubly-linked-list</a></span></td></tr> </tbody></table> <span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></span> <br /> <ol style="text-align: left;"> <li><span style="font-family: inherit;"> Penyisipan di awal<br />Menambahkan simpul ke dalam Linked List di awal.</span></li> <li><span style="font-family: inherit;"> Penyisipan di akhir<br />Menambahkan simpul ke Linked List  ke akhir. </span></li> <li><span style="font-family: inherit;">Penyisipan setelah simpul yang ditentukan<br />Menambahkan simpul ke dalam daftar tertaut setelah simpul yang ditentukan.</span></li> <li><span style="font-family: inherit;"> Penghapusan di awal.<br /> Menghapus simpul dari awal daftar</span></li> <li><span style="font-family: inherit;">Penghapusan di bagian akhir<br />Menghapus simpul dari akhir daftar.</span></li> <li><span style="font-family: inherit;"> Penghapusan dibagian terten<br />Menghapus node yang hadir tepat setelah node yang berisi data yang diberikan.</span></li> <li><span style="font-family: inherit;"> Pencarian/Searching<br />Membandingkan setiap data node dengan item yang akan dicari dan mengembalikan lokasi item dalam daftar jika item yang ditemukan lain kembali nol.</span></li> <li> Traversing<br />Mengunjungi setiap node daftar setidaknya sekali untuk melakukan beberapa operasi tertentu seperti pencarian, pengurutan, tampilan, dll.<br /><b><u><br />Stack and Queue</u></b></li> <li><i>Q :apa sih itu stack ?  </i><br /> <i>A: Sederhananya nih, stack adalah tumpukan. </i>kalian pasti tau dong tumpukan piring atau tumpukan buku. Nah, jadi stack itu ya gitu. data yang bentuknya ditumpuk gitu. jadi data yang terakhir masuk, akan menjadi data yang pertama keluar. <u>LIFO</u> : Last in, Frist Out.<br /> <i>Q: trus kalau Queue apa dong?</i><br /> <i>A: nah, kalau si queue(bacanya Q ya buka kueue :) ) itu antrian. </i>Semua pada tau dong apa itu antrian? ya ngantri aja. Jadi disini data yang pertama masuk juga menjadi data yang pertama keluar. <u>FIFO</u> : First In, First Out<br /> <br /> Pada<b> Stack,</b> menggunakan <u>push Head</u> dan <u>PopHead<br />Pada <b>Queue , </b>digunakan <u>PushHead </u>dan<u> PopTail</u></u></li> </ol> <div> <i>Q: Apa itu Hash Table?</i><br /> <i>A: sebuah Table(array) dimana kita menyimpan string. index dari table tersebut adalah tempat terisinya dan berisi value dari string tersebut.</i><br /> <span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: inherit;">penempatan value dari string yang akan ditempatkan di sebuah index berdasarkan cara berikut:</span><br /> <span style="font-family: inherit;">misalkan:</span><br /> <span style="font-family: inherit;"> h item = item % (size of table)   </span><br /> <span style="font-family: inherit;">mari kita asumsikan ukuran dari table = <span class="number" style="border: none; color: #c00000; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">11</span><span style="border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">, maka </span></span><br /> <span style="border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span class="number" style="border: none; color: #c00000; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">54</span><span style="border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> % </span><span class="number" style="border: none; color: #c00000; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">11</span><span style="border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> = </span><span class="number" style="border: none; color: #c00000; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">10</span><span style="border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">   </span><span class="number" style="border: none; color: #c00000; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">26</span><span style="border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> % </span><span class="number" style="border: none; color: #c00000; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">11</span><span style="border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> = </span><span class="number" style="border: none; color: #c00000; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">4</span><span style="border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">    </span><span class="number" style="border: none; color: #c00000; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">93</span><span style="border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> % </span><span class="number" style="border: none; color: #c00000; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">11</span><span style="border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> = </span><span class="number" style="border: none; color: #c00000; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">5</span><span style="border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">  </span></span><br /> <span style="font-family: inherit;"><span class="number" style="border: none; color: #c00000; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">17</span><span style="border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> % </span><span class="number" style="border: none; color: #c00000; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">11</span><span style="border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> = </span><span class="number" style="border: none; color: #c00000; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">6</span><span style="border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">    </span><span class="number" style="border: none; color: #c00000; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">77</span><span style="border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> % </span><span class="number" style="border: none; color: #c00000; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">11</span><span style="border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> = </span><span class="number" style="border: none; color: #c00000; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">0</span><span style="border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">    </span><span class="number" style="border: none; color: #c00000; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">31</span><span style="border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> % </span><span class="number" style="border: none; color: #c00000; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">11</span><span style="border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> = </span><span class="number" style="border: none; color: #c00000; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">9</span><span style="border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">    </span></span><br /> <br /> <span style="font-family: inherit;">maka tempat yang akan diisi akan menjadi seperti ini :</span><br /> <span style="font-family: inherit;"><br style="background-color: white;" /><img alt="DAA Hash Tables" height="84" src="https://static.javatpoint.com/tutorial/daa/images/daa-hash-table.png" style="background-color: white; height: auto; max-width: 100%;" width="320" /></span><br /> <span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span><i><br /></i><u><span style="font-family: inherit;">Kenapa kita menggunakan Hash Table?</span></u><br /> <ol class="points" style="background-color: white;"> <li style="line-height: 21px; margin-top: 4px; padding: 0.2em;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">jika <strong>U</strong> (Universe of keys) sangat  besar , meletakkan sebuat table <b>T</b> dari size [U] bisa saja tidak mungkin.</span></li> <li style="line-height: 21px; margin-top: 4px; padding: 0.2em;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Penempatan <strong>k</strong> dari keys mungkin saja relatif kecil untuk <strong>U</strong> sehingga ruang untuk menggalokasikan memori untuk <strong>T</strong> akan terbuang.</span></li> </ol> <u><span style="font-family: inherit;">Lalu, bagaimana jika dua buat string mempunyai value yang sama sehingga index yang perlu diletakkan juga sama?</span></u><br /> <span style="font-family: inherit;">itu disebut collisions/tabrakan .</span><br /> <span style="font-family: inherit;">Ada dua cara untuk menangani tabrakan tersebut:</span><br /> <span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span><b>Probing Linier</b><br /> <span style="font-family: inherit;">Cari slot kosong berikutnya dan letakkan talinya di sana.</span><br /> <span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span><b>Chaining</b><br /> <span style="font-family: inherit;">Masukkan string ke dalam slot sebagai daftar rantai (linked list).</span><br /> <b>Binary Search Tree</b><br /> <b><br /></b>Binary search tree disebut juga kelas pohon biner, di mana node diatur dalam urutan tertentu.<br /> nilai semua node di sub-pohon kiri kurang dari nilai root dan nilai semua node di sub-pohon kanan lebih besar atau sama dengan nilai root.<br /> Aturan ini akan diterapkan secara rekursif ke semua sub-pohon kiri dan kanan root.<br /> <img alt="Binary Search Tree" src="https://static.javatpoint.com/ds/images/binary-search-tree.png" /><br /> <br /> <br /> ada beberapa operation yang bisa dilakukan di binary search tree , yaitu :<br /> 1 Mencari di BST<br /> Mencari lokasi beberapa elemen tertentu dalam BST.<br /> <span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: inherit;"></span><span style="font-family: inherit;">2.Penyisipan dalam BST </span><br /> <span style="font-family: inherit;">Menambahkan elemen baru ke BST di lokasi yang sesuai sehingga properti BST tidak melanggar.</span><br /> 3.Penghapusan dalam BST Menghapus beberapa node tertentu dari pohon pencarian biner. Namun, bisa ada berbagai kasus dalam penghapusan tergantung pada jumlah anak, yang dimiliki simpul.<br /> <br /> <br /> sekian untuk materi kali ini!<br /> sampai jumpa minggu depan~~<br /> <br /> <span style="font-family: inherit;"></span><br /> <span style="font-family: inherit;">source: <a href="https://www.javatpoint.com/daa-hash-tables">https://www.javatpoint.com/</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div>

SOCS Summary

pa sih itu Linked List? sederhananya adalah sebuah struktur data yang sangat dinamis di mana elemen dapat  ditambahkan  atau  dihapus  dar...

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Binary Search Tree(BST)

<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"> <b>Binary Search Tree</b><br /> <b><br /></b>Binary search tree disebut juga kelas pohon biner, di mana node diatur dalam urutan tertentu.<br /> nilai semua node di sub-pohon kiri kurang dari nilai root dan nilai semua node di sub-pohon kanan lebih besar atau sama dengan nilai root.<br /> Aturan ini akan diterapkan secara rekursif ke semua sub-pohon kiri dan kanan root.<br /> <img alt="Binary Search Tree" src="https://static.javatpoint.com/ds/images/binary-search-tree.png" /><br /> <br /> <br /> ada beberapa operation yang bisa dilakukan di binary search tree , yaitu :<br /> 1 Mencari di BST<br /> Mencari lokasi beberapa elemen tertentu dalam BST.<br /> <span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: inherit;"></span><span style="font-family: inherit;">2.Penyisipan dalam BST </span><br /> <span style="font-family: inherit;">Menambahkan elemen baru ke BST di lokasi yang sesuai sehingga properti BST tidak melanggar.</span><br /> <br /> 3.Penghapusan dalam BST Menghapus beberapa node tertentu dari pohon pencarian biner. Namun, bisa ada berbagai kasus dalam penghapusan tergantung pada jumlah anak, yang dimiliki simpul.<br /> <br /> <br /> sekian untuk materi kali ini!<br /> sampai jumpa minggu depan~~<br /> <br /> cr : <a href="https://www.javatpoint.com/binary-search-tree">https://www.javatpoint.com/binary-search-tree</a></div>

SOCS Binary Search Tree(BST)

Binary Search Tree Binary search tree disebut juga kelas pohon biner, di mana node diatur dalam urutan tertentu. nilai semua node di sub-...

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Hash Table & Binary Search Tree

<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"> <span style="font-family: inherit;">Hallo Guys~~</span><br> <span style="font-family: inherit;">kembali lagi dengan chaca di tugas mata kuliah Data Struct ini.</span><br> <span style="font-family: inherit;">Kali, aku bakalan bahas tentang Hash Table dan Binary Search Tree.</span><br> <i><span style="font-family: inherit;">Q: Apa itu Hash Table?</span></i><br> <i><span style="font-family: inherit;">A: sebuah Table(array) dimana kita menyimpan string. index dari table tersebut adalah tempat terisinya dan berisi value dari string tersebut.</span></i><br> <span style="font-family: inherit;"><br></span> <span style="font-family: inherit;">penempatan value dari string yang akan ditempatkan di sebuah index berdasarkan cara berikut:</span><br> <span style="font-family: inherit;">misalkan:</span><br> <span style="font-family: inherit;"> h item = item % (size of table)   </span><br> <span style="font-family: inherit;">mari kita asumsikan ukuran dari table = <span class="number" style="border: none; color: #c00000; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">11</span><span style="border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">, maka </span></span><br> <span style="border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><br></span></span> <span style="font-family: inherit;"><span class="number" style="border: none; color: #c00000; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">54</span><span style="border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> % </span><span class="number" style="border: none; color: #c00000; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">11</span><span style="border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> = </span><span class="number" style="border: none; color: #c00000; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">10</span><span style="border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">   </span><span class="number" style="border: none; color: #c00000; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">26</span><span style="border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> % </span><span class="number" style="border: none; color: #c00000; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">11</span><span style="border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> = </span><span class="number" style="border: none; color: #c00000; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">4</span><span style="border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">    </span><span class="number" style="border: none; color: #c00000; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">93</span><span style="border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> % </span><span class="number" style="border: none; color: #c00000; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">11</span><span style="border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> = </span><span class="number" style="border: none; color: #c00000; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">5</span><span style="border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">  </span></span><br> <span style="font-family: inherit;"><span class="number" style="border: none; color: #c00000; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">17</span><span style="border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> % </span><span class="number" style="border: none; color: #c00000; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">11</span><span style="border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> = </span><span class="number" style="border: none; color: #c00000; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">6</span><span style="border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">    </span><span class="number" style="border: none; color: #c00000; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">77</span><span style="border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> % </span><span class="number" style="border: none; color: #c00000; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">11</span><span style="border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> = </span><span class="number" style="border: none; color: #c00000; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">0</span><span style="border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">    </span><span class="number" style="border: none; color: #c00000; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">31</span><span style="border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> % </span><span class="number" style="border: none; color: #c00000; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">11</span><span style="border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> = </span><span class="number" style="border: none; color: #c00000; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">9</span><span style="border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">    </span></span><br> <br> <span style="font-family: inherit;">maka tempat yang akan diisi akan menjadi seperti ini :</span><br> <span style="font-family: inherit;"><br style="background-color: white;"><img alt="DAA Hash Tables" height="84" src="https://static.javatpoint.com/tutorial/daa/images/daa-hash-table.png" style="background-color: white; height: auto; max-width: 100%;" width="320"></span><br> <span style="font-family: inherit;"><br></span> <i><span style="font-family: inherit;"><br></span></i> <u><span style="font-family: inherit;">Kenapa kita menggunakan Hash Table?</span></u><br> <ol class="points" style="background-color: white;"> <li style="line-height: 21px; margin-top: 4px; padding: 0.2em;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">jika <strong>U</strong> (Universe of keys) sangat  besar , meletakkan sebuat table <b>T</b> dari size [U] bisa saja tidak mungkin.</span></li> <li style="line-height: 21px; margin-top: 4px; padding: 0.2em;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Penempatan <strong>k</strong> dari keys mungkin saja relatif kecil untuk <strong>U</strong> sehingga ruang untuk menggalokasikan memori untuk <strong>T</strong> akan terbuang.</span></li> </ol> <u><span style="font-family: inherit;">Lalu, bagaimana jika dua buat string mempunyai value yang sama sehingga index yang perlu diletakkan juga sama?</span></u><br> <span style="font-family: inherit;">itu disebut collisions/tabrakan .</span><br> <span style="font-family: inherit;">Ada dua cara untuk menangani tabrakan tersebut:</span><br> <span style="font-family: inherit;"><br></span> <b><span style="font-family: inherit;">Probing Linier</span></b><br> <span style="font-family: inherit;">Cari slot kosong berikutnya dan letakkan talinya di sana.</span><br> <span style="font-family: inherit;"><br></span> <b><span style="font-family: inherit;">Chaining</span></b><br> <span style="font-family: inherit;">Masukkan string ke dalam slot sebagai daftar rantai (linked list).</span><br> <i><span style="font-family: inherit;"><br></span></i> <i>berikut contoh source code untuk hash table:</i><br> <i><br></i> <i><span style="font-family: inherit;"></span></i><br> </div>

SOCS Hash Table & Binary Search Tree

Hallo Guys~~ kembali lagi dengan chaca di tugas mata kuliah Data Struct ini. Kali, aku bakalan bahas tentang Hash Table dan Binary Search...

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Stack and Queue

<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"> Hallo Semua!<br> kembali lagi nih sama materi data struct yang menyenangkan ini~~<br> Kali ini bakalan bahas stack sama queue nih!<br> <i>Q :apa sih itu stack ?  </i><br> <i>A: Sederhananya nih, stack adalah tumpukan. </i>kalian pasti tau dong tumpukan piring atau tumpukan buku. Nah, jadi stack itu ya gitu. data yang bentuknya ditumpuk gitu. jadi data yang terakhir masuk, akan menjadi data yang pertama keluar. <u>LIFO</u> : Last in, Frist Out.<br> <i>Q: trus kalau Queue apa dong?</i><br> <i>A: nah, kalau si queue(bacanya Q ya buka kueue :) ) itu antrian. </i>Semua pada tau dong apa itu antrian? ya ngantri aja. Jadi disini data yang pertama masuk juga menjadi data yang pertama keluar. <u>FIFO</u> : First In, First Out<br> <br> <br> Pada<b> Stack,</b> menggunakan <u>push Head</u> dan <u>PopHead </u><br> <u><br></u> <i>berikut contohnya :</i><br> <i><br></i> void pushHead(char nama[],int nilai)<br> {<br> <span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>current = (data*)malloc(sizeof(struct data));<br> <span style="white-space: pre;"> </span><br> <span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>strcpy(current->nama,nama);<br> <span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>current->nilai = nilai;<br> <span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>current->next=current->prev=NULL;<br> <span style="white-space: pre;"> </span><br> <span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>if(head==NULL)<br> <span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>{<br> <span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>head = tail = current;<br> <span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>}<br> <span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>else<br> <span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>{<br> <span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>current->next=head;<br> <span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>head->prev=current;<br> <span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>head=current;<br> <span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>}<br> }<br> <br> void popHead()<br> {<br> <span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>if(head ==NULL)<br> <span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>{<br> <span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>printf("No Data\n");<br> <span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>}<br> <span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>else if(head == tail)<br> <span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>{<br> <span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>current=head;<br> <span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>head = tail = NULL;<br> <span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>free(current);<br> <span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>}<br> <span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>else<br> <span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>{<br> <span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>current=head;<br> <span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>head = head->next;<br> <span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>head->prev=NULL;<br> <span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>free(current);<br> <span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>}<br> }<br> <br> </div>

SOCS Stack and Queue

Hallo Semua! kembali lagi nih sama materi data struct yang menyenangkan ini~~ Kali ini bakalan bahas stack sama queue nih! Q :apa sih it...

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Linked List

<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"> <h3 style="text-align: left;"> <span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: small;">Hallo Semua!</span></h3> <i><span style="font-family: inherit;">kembali lagi dengan chaca!!</span></i><br> <span style="font-family: inherit;">Ada yang berbeda dari postingan sebelum-sebelumnya karena postingan kali ini spesial dan sangat berguna sebagai pemenuhan tugas GLSC untuk mata kuliah Data Struct.</span><br> <span style="font-family: inherit;">Berikut ini adalah hal-hal yang saya ketahui tentang data struct/Struktur data!<br><b>selamat membaca!</b></span><br> <span style="font-family: inherit;"><b><span style="font-family: inherit;"><br></span></b> <span style="font-family: inherit;">Apa sih itu Linked List?</span></span><br> <span style="font-family: inherit;">sederhananya adalah sebuah struktur data yang sangat dinamis di mana elemen dapat <b><u>ditambahkan</u></b> atau <b><u>dihapus</u></b> dari mana saja sesuka hati kita, Juga, setiap elemennya disebut node atau <span style="background-color: white; color: #222222;">koleksi linear </span><span style="background-color: white; color: #222222;">dari data dimana setiap node menunjuk pada node lain melalui pointer.</span></span><br> <span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><br></span> <span style="color: #222222; font-family: inherit;"><span style="background-color: white;">Pada semester sebelumnya, kita sudah belajar tentang pointer bukan?</span></span></span><br> <span style="color: #222222; font-family: inherit;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Tentunya teman-teman harus masih inget dong.</span></span><br> <span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><br></span> <span style="color: #222222; font-family: inherit;"><span style="background-color: white;">Nah, Pada linked list terdapat beberapa jenis tuh . kali ini spesial banget aku bakalan bahas tiga hal dibawah ini yaitu :</span></span></span><br> <div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; margin-top: 4.8pt; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.5in; unicode-bidi: embed; word-break: normal;"> <span style="color: red; font-family: inherit;">1.Circular Single Linked List</span></div> <div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; margin-top: 4.8pt; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.5in; unicode-bidi: embed; word-break: normal;"> <span style="color: red; font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-family: +mj-lt; mso-special-format: "numbullet3\,1";">2.</span>Doubly Linked List</span></div> <div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; margin-top: 4.8pt; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.5in; unicode-bidi: embed; word-break: normal;"> <span style="color: red; font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-family: +mj-lt; mso-special-format: "numbullet3\,1";">3.</span>Circular Doubly Linked List</span></div> <div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; margin-top: 4.8pt; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.5in; unicode-bidi: embed; word-break: normal;"> <span style="font-family: inherit;">mari kita bahas satu persatu! </span></div> <div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; margin-top: 4.8pt; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.5in; unicode-bidi: embed; word-break: normal;"> <b><span style="font-family: inherit;">1. Circular single linked list</span></b></div> <div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; margin-top: 4.8pt; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.5in; unicode-bidi: embed; word-break: normal;"> <i><span style="font-family: inherit;">Q : apa sih itu circular single linked list? </span></i></div> <div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; margin-top: 4.8pt; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.5in; unicode-bidi: embed; word-break: normal;"> <span style="font-family: inherit;">A: Dari kata circular sebenarnya bisa langsung kita tahu bhwa linked list yang satu ini membentuk sebuah siklus nih. Artinya, simpul di awal dan akhirnya bersebelahan atau ismpul terakhir berisi pointer ke simpul pertama. Di linked list yang satu ini juga Tidak ada penyimpanan nilai NULL dalam list.</span></div> <table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody> <tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgLw3oldA_e_R8nwsPNE-DuiQIDJVdjba08qTMTeR2s0ihJiK2iN_Ujp6sXQoALQ7gbyIiDR8rxRHufmRbWz4ptlsDY-PRs4u8eA9hhj1uYh-4s4b4mvMYun8zNu3wtH-0IlrkJZ8mFFtMH/s1600/circular-singly-linked-list.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><img border="0" data-original-height="286" data-original-width="795" height="143" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgLw3oldA_e_R8nwsPNE-DuiQIDJVdjba08qTMTeR2s0ihJiK2iN_Ujp6sXQoALQ7gbyIiDR8rxRHufmRbWz4ptlsDY-PRs4u8eA9hhj1uYh-4s4b4mvMYun8zNu3wtH-0IlrkJZ8mFFtMH/s400/circular-singly-linked-list.png" width="400"></span></a></td></tr> <tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: small;">sumber :<a href="https://www.javatpoint.com/circular-singly-linked-list">https://www.javatpoint.com/circular-singly-linked-list</a></span></td></tr> </tbody></table> <span style="font-family: inherit;">Dalam linked list ini kan sudah disebutkan tuh bisa ngapain aja, bisa nambahin atau menghapus. Nah aku bakalan sebutin apa aja yang bisa dilakuin sama linked list satu ini:</span><br> <div> <ol style="text-align: left;"> <li><span style="font-family: inherit;"> Menambahkan diawal<br>yaitu Menambahkan simpul ke c<span style="background-color: white;">ircular singly linked list</span> yang ditautkan sendiri di awal.</span></li> <li><span style="font-family: inherit;">Menambahkan diakhir<br>Menambahkan node ke c<span style="background-color: white;">ircular singly linked list</span>yang ditaukan di akhir</span></li> <li><span style="font-family: inherit;">Penghapusan di awal. <br>Menghapus simpul dari <span style="background-color: white;">circular singly linked list </span>yang ditautkan di awal. </span></li> <li><span style="font-family: inherit;"> Penghapusan di bagian akhir <br>Menghapus simpul dari daftar tertaut tunggal melingkar di bagian akhir.</span></li> <li><span style="font-family: inherit;"> Pencarian <br>Membandingkan setiap elemen dari simpul dengan item yang diberikan dan kembalikan lokasi di mana item tersebut ada dalam daftar jika tidak mengembalikan null.</span></li> <li><span style="font-family: inherit;">Traversing <br>Mengunjungi setiap elemen daftar setidaknya satu kali untuk melakukan beberapa operasi tertentu.</span></li> </ol> <blockquote class="tr_bq"> <span style="font-family: inherit;">berikut source code contoh dari circular singly linked list : </span></blockquote> <blockquote class="tr_bq"> <ol class="dp-j" start="1" style="background-color: white; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> <li class="alt" style="border: none; line-height: 21px; margin: 4px 0px 0px; padding: 0px 3px 0px 10px !important; width: 850px;"><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">#include<stdio.h>  </span></span></li> <li class="" style="border: none; line-height: 21px; margin: 4px 0px 0px; padding: 0px 3px 0px 10px !important;"><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">#include<stdlib.h>  </span></span></li> <li class="alt" style="border: none; line-height: 21px; margin: 4px 0px 0px; padding: 0px 3px 0px 10px !important; width: 850px;"><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">struct node   </span></span></li> <li class="" style="border: none; line-height: 21px; margin: 4px 0px 0px; padding: 0px 3px 0px 10px !important;"><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">{  </span></span></li> <li class="alt" style="border: none; line-height: 21px; margin: 4px 0px 0px; padding: 0px 3px 0px 10px !important; width: 850px;"><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">    <span class="keyword" style="background-color: inherit; border: none; color: #006699; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">int</span><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> data;  </span></span></span></li> <li class="" style="border: none; line-height: 21px; margin: 4px 0px 0px; padding: 0px 3px 0px 10px !important;"><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">    struct node *next;   </span></span></li> <li class="alt" style="border: none; line-height: 21px; margin: 4px 0px 0px; padding: 0px 3px 0px 10px !important; width: 850px;"><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">};  </span></span></li> <li class="" style="border: none; line-height: 21px; margin: 4px 0px 0px; padding: 0px 3px 0px 10px !important;"><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">struct node *head;  </span></span></li> <li class="alt" style="border: none; line-height: 21px; margin: 4px 0px 0px; padding: 0px 3px 0px 10px !important; width: 850px;"><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">  </span></span></li> <li class="" style="border: none; line-height: 21px; margin: 4px 0px 0px; padding: 0px 3px 0px 10px !important;"><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span class="keyword" style="background-color: inherit; border: none; color: #006699; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">void</span><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> beginsert ();   </span></span></span></li> <li class="alt" style="border: none; line-height: 21px; margin: 4px 0px 0px; padding: 0px 3px 0px 10px !important; width: 850px;"><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span class="keyword" style="background-color: inherit; border: none; color: #006699; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">void</span><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> lastinsert ();  </span></span></span></li> <li class="" style="border: none; line-height: 21px; margin: 4px 0px 0px; padding: 0px 3px 0px 10px !important;"><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span class="keyword" style="background-color: inherit; border: none; color: #006699; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">void</span><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> randominsert();  </span></span></span></li> <li class="alt" style="border: none; line-height: 21px; margin: 4px 0px 0px; padding: 0px 3px 0px 10px !important; width: 850px;"><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span class="keyword" style="background-color: inherit; border: none; color: #006699; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">void</span><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> begin_delete();  </span></span></span></li> <li class="" style="border: none; line-height: 21px; margin: 4px 0px 0px; padding: 0px 3px 0px 10px !important;"><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span class="keyword" style="background-color: inherit; border: none; color: #006699; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">void</span><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> last_delete();  </span></span></span></li> <li class="alt" style="border: none; line-height: 21px; margin: 4px 0px 0px; padding: 0px 3px 0px 10px !important; width: 850px;"><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span class="keyword" style="background-color: inherit; border: none; color: #006699; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">void</span><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> random_delete();  </span></span></span></li> <li class="" style="border: none; line-height: 21px; margin: 4px 0px 0px; padding: 0px 3px 0px 10px !important;"><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span class="keyword" style="background-color: inherit; border: none; color: #006699; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">void</span><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> display();  </span></span></span></li> <li class="alt" style="border: none; line-height: 21px; margin: 4px 0px 0px; padding: 0px 3px 0px 10px !important; width: 850px;"><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span class="keyword" style="background-color: inherit; border: none; color: #006699; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">void</span><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> search();  </span></span></span></li> <li class="" style="border: none; line-height: 21px; margin: 4px 0px 0px; padding: 0px 3px 0px 10px !important;"><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span class="keyword" style="background-color: inherit; border: none; color: #006699; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">void</span><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> main ()  </span></span></span></li> <li class="alt" style="border: none; line-height: 21px; margin: 4px 0px 0px; padding: 0px 3px 0px 10px !important; width: 850px;"><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">{  </span></span></li> <li class="" style="border: none; line-height: 21px; margin: 4px 0px 0px; padding: 0px 3px 0px 10px !important;"><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">    <span class="keyword" style="background-color: inherit; border: none; color: #006699; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">int</span><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> choice =</span><span class="number" style="background-color: inherit; border: none; color: #c00000; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">0</span><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">;  </span></span></span></li> <li class="alt" style="border: none; line-height: 21px; margin: 4px 0px 0px; padding: 0px 3px 0px 10px !important; width: 850px;"><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">    <span class="keyword" style="background-color: inherit; border: none; color: #006699; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">while</span><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">(choice != </span><span class="number" style="background-color: inherit; border: none; color: #c00000; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">7</span><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">)   </span></span></span></li> <li class="" style="border: none; line-height: 21px; margin: 4px 0px 0px; padding: 0px 3px 0px 10px !important;"><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">    {  </span></span></li> <li class="alt" style="border: none; line-height: 21px; margin: 4px 0px 0px; padding: 0px 3px 0px 10px !important; width: 850px;"><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">        printf(<span class="string" style="background-color: inherit; border: none; color: blue; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">"\n*********Main Menu*********\n"</span><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">);  </span></span></span></li> <li class="" style="border: none; line-height: 21px; margin: 4px 0px 0px; padding: 0px 3px 0px 10px !important;"><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">        printf(<span class="string" style="background-color: inherit; border: none; color: blue; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">"\nChoose one option from the following list ...\n"</span><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">);  </span></span></span></li> <li class="alt" style="border: none; line-height: 21px; margin: 4px 0px 0px; padding: 0px 3px 0px 10px !important; width: 850px;"><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">        printf(<span class="string" style="background-color: inherit; border: none; color: blue; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">"\n===============================================\n"</span><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">);  </span></span></span></li> <li class="" style="border: none; line-height: 21px; margin: 4px 0px 0px; padding: 0px 3px 0px 10px !important;"><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">        printf(<span class="string" style="background-color: inherit; border: none; color: blue; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">"\n1.Insert in begining\n2.Insert at last\n3.Delete from Beginning\n4.Delete from last\n5.Search for an element\n6.Show\n7.Exit\n"</span><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">);  </span></span></span></li> <li class="alt" style="border: none; line-height: 21px; margin: 4px 0px 0px; padding: 0px 3px 0px 10px !important; width: 850px;"><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">        printf(<span class="string" style="background-color: inherit; border: none; color: blue; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">"\nEnter your choice?\n"</span><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">);         </span></span></span></li> <li class="" style="border: none; line-height: 21px; margin: 4px 0px 0px; padding: 0px 3px 0px 10px !important;"><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">        scanf(<span class="string" style="background-color: inherit; border: none; color: blue; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">"\n%d"</span><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">,&choice);  </span></span></span></li> <li class="alt" style="border: none; line-height: 21px; margin: 4px 0px 0px; padding: 0px 3px 0px 10px !important; width: 850px;"><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">        <span class="keyword" style="background-color: inherit; border: none; color: #006699; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">switch</span><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">(choice)  </span></span></span></li> <li class="" style="border: none; line-height: 21px; margin: 4px 0px 0px; padding: 0px 3px 0px 10px !important;"><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">        {  </span></span></li> <li class="alt" style="border: none; line-height: 21px; margin: 4px 0px 0px; padding: 0px 3px 0px 10px !important; width: 850px;"><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">            <span class="keyword" style="background-color: inherit; border: none; color: #006699; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">case</span><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> </span><span class="number" style="background-color: inherit; border: none; color: #c00000; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">1</span><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">:  </span></span></span></li> <li class="" style="border: none; line-height: 21px; margin: 4px 0px 0px; padding: 0px 3px 0px 10px !important;"><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">            beginsert();      </span></span></li> <li class="alt" style="border: none; line-height: 21px; margin: 4px 0px 0px; padding: 0px 3px 0px 10px !important; width: 850px;"><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">            <span class="keyword" style="background-color: inherit; border: none; color: #006699; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">break</span><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">;  </span></span></span></li> <li class="" style="border: none; line-height: 21px; margin: 4px 0px 0px; padding: 0px 3px 0px 10px !important;"><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">            <span class="keyword" style="background-color: inherit; border: none; color: #006699; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">case</span><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> </span><span class="number" style="background-color: inherit; border: none; color: #c00000; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">2</span><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">:  </span></span></span></li> <li class="alt" style="border: none; line-height: 21px; margin: 4px 0px 0px; padding: 0px 3px 0px 10px !important; width: 850px;"><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">            lastinsert();         </span></span></li> <li class="" style="border: none; line-height: 21px; margin: 4px 0px 0px; padding: 0px 3px 0px 10px !important;"><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">            <span class="keyword" style="background-color: inherit; border: none; color: #006699; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">break</span><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">;  </span></span></span></li> <li class="alt" style="border: none; line-height: 21px; margin: 4px 0px 0px; padding: 0px 3px 0px 10px !important; width: 850px;"><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">            <span class="keyword" style="background-color: inherit; border: none; color: #006699; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">case</span><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> </span><span class="number" style="background-color: inherit; border: none; color: #c00000; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">3</span><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">:  </span></span></span></li> <li class="" style="border: none; line-height: 21px; margin: 4px 0px 0px; padding: 0px 3px 0px 10px !important;"><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">            begin_delete();       </span></span></li> <li class="alt" style="border: none; line-height: 21px; margin: 4px 0px 0px; padding: 0px 3px 0px 10px !important; width: 850px;"><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">            <span class="keyword" style="background-color: inherit; border: none; color: #006699; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">break</span><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">;  </span></span></span></li> <li class="" style="border: none; line-height: 21px; margin: 4px 0px 0px; padding: 0px 3px 0px 10px !important;"><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">            <span class="keyword" style="background-color: inherit; border: none; color: #006699; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">case</span><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> </span><span class="number" style="background-color: inherit; border: none; color: #c00000; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">4</span><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">:  </span></span></span></li> <li class="alt" style="border: none; line-height: 21px; margin: 4px 0px 0px; padding: 0px 3px 0px 10px !important; width: 850px;"><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">            last_delete();        </span></span></li> <li class="" style="border: none; line-height: 21px; margin: 4px 0px 0px; padding: 0px 3px 0px 10px !important;"><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">            <span class="keyword" style="background-color: inherit; border: none; color: #006699; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">break</span><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">;  </span></span></span></li> <li class="alt" style="border: none; line-height: 21px; margin: 4px 0px 0px; padding: 0px 3px 0px 10px !important; width: 850px;"><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">            <span class="keyword" style="background-color: inherit; border: none; color: #006699; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">case</span><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> </span><span class="number" style="background-color: inherit; border: none; color: #c00000; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">5</span><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">:  </span></span></span></li> <li class="" style="border: none; line-height: 21px; margin: 4px 0px 0px; padding: 0px 3px 0px 10px !important;"><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">            search();         </span></span></li> <li class="alt" style="border: none; line-height: 21px; margin: 4px 0px 0px; padding: 0px 3px 0px 10px !important; width: 850px;"><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">            <span class="keyword" style="background-color: inherit; border: none; color: #006699; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">break</span><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">;  </span></span></span></li> <li class="" style="border: none; line-height: 21px; margin: 4px 0px 0px; padding: 0px 3px 0px 10px !important;"><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">            <span class="keyword" style="background-color: inherit; border: none; color: #006699; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">case</span><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> </span><span class="number" style="background-color: inherit; border: none; color: #c00000; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">6</span><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">:  </span></span></span></li> <li class="alt" style="border: none; line-height: 21px; margin: 4px 0px 0px; padding: 0px 3px 0px 10px !important; width: 850px;"><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">            display();        </span></span></li> <li class="" style="border: none; line-height: 21px; margin: 4px 0px 0px; padding: 0px 3px 0px 10px !important;"><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">            <span class="keyword" style="background-color: inherit; border: none; color: #006699; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">break</span><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">;  </span></span></span></li> <li class="alt" style="border: none; line-height: 21px; margin: 4px 0px 0px; padding: 0px 3px 0px 10px !important; width: 850px;"><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">            <span class="keyword" style="background-color: inherit; border: none; color: #006699; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">case</span><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> </span><span class="number" style="background-color: inherit; border: none; color: #c00000; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">7</span><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">:  </span></span></span></li> <li class="" style="border: none; line-height: 21px; margin: 4px 0px 0px; padding: 0px 3px 0px 10px !important;"><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">            exit(<span class="number" style="background-color: inherit; border: none; color: #c00000; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">0</span><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">);  </span></span></span></li> <li class="alt" style="border: none; line-height: 21px; margin: 4px 0px 0px; padding: 0px 3px 0px 10px !important; width: 850px;"><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">            <span class="keyword" style="background-color: inherit; border: none; color: #006699; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">break</span><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">;  </span></span></span></li> <li class="" style="border: none; line-height: 21px; margin: 4px 0px 0px; padding: 0px 3px 0px 10px !important;"><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">            <span class="keyword" style="background-color: inherit; border: none; color: #006699; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">default</span><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">:  </span></span></span></li> <li class="alt" style="border: none; line-height: 21px; margin: 4px 0px 0px; padding: 0px 3px 0px 10px !important; width: 850px;"><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">            printf(<span class="string" style="background-color: inherit; border: none; color: blue; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">"Please enter valid choice.."</span><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">);  </span></span></span></li> <li class="" style="border: none; line-height: 21px; margin: 4px 0px 0px; padding: 0px 3px 0px 10px !important;"><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">        }  </span></span></li> <li class="alt" style="border: none; line-height: 21px; margin: 4px 0px 0px; padding: 0px 3px 0px 10px !important; width: 850px;"><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">    }  </span></span></li> <li class="" style="border: none; line-height: 21px; margin: 4px 0px 0px; padding: 0px 3px 0px 10px !important;"><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">}  </span></span></li> <li class="alt" style="border: none; line-height: 21px; margin: 4px 0px 0px; padding: 0px 3px 0px 10px !important; width: 850px;"><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span class="keyword" style="background-color: inherit; border: none; color: #006699; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">void</span><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> beginsert()  </span></span></span></li> <li class="" style="border: none; line-height: 21px; margin: 4px 0px 0px; padding: 0px 3px 0px 10px !important;"><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">{  </span></span></li> <li class="alt" style="border: none; line-height: 21px; margin: 4px 0px 0px; padding: 0px 3px 0px 10px !important; width: 850px;"><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">    struct node *ptr,*temp;   </span></span></li> <li class="" style="border: none; line-height: 21px; margin: 4px 0px 0px; padding: 0px 3px 0px 10px !important;"><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">    <span class="keyword" style="background-color: inherit; border: none; color: #006699; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">int</span><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> item;   </span></span></span></li> <li class="alt" style="border: none; line-height: 21px; margin: 4px 0px 0px; padding: 0px 3px 0px 10px !important; width: 850px;"><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">    ptr = (struct node *)malloc(sizeof(struct node));  </span></span></li> <li class="" style="border: none; line-height: 21px; margin: 4px 0px 0px; padding: 0px 3px 0px 10px !important;"><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">    <span class="keyword" style="background-color: inherit; border: none; color: #006699; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">if</span><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">(ptr == NULL)  </span></span></span></li> <li class="alt" style="border: none; line-height: 21px; margin: 4px 0px 0px; padding: 0px 3px 0px 10px !important; width: 850px;"><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">    {  </span></span></li> <li class="" style="border: none; line-height: 21px; margin: 4px 0px 0px; padding: 0px 3px 0px 10px !important;"><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">        printf(<span class="string" style="background-color: inherit; border: none; color: blue; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">"\nOVERFLOW"</span><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">);  </span></span></span></li> <li class="alt" style="border: none; line-height: 21px; margin: 4px 0px 0px; padding: 0px 3px 0px 10px !important; width: 850px;"><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">    }  </span></span></li> <li class="" style="border: none; line-height: 21px; margin: 4px 0px 0px; padding: 0px 3px 0px 10px !important;"><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">    <span class="keyword" style="background-color: inherit; border: none; color: #006699; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">else</span><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">   </span></span></span></li> <li class="alt" style="border: none; line-height: 21px; margin: 4px 0px 0px; padding: 0px 3px 0px 10px !important; width: 850px;"><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">    {  </span></span></li> <li class="" style="border: none; line-height: 21px; margin: 4px 0px 0px; padding: 0px 3px 0px 10px !important;"><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">        printf(<span class="string" style="background-color: inherit; border: none; color: blue; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">"\nEnter the node data?"</span><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">);  </span></span></span></li> <li class="alt" style="border: none; line-height: 21px; margin: 4px 0px 0px; padding: 0px 3px 0px 10px !important; width: 850px;"><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">        scanf(<span class="string" style="background-color: inherit; border: none; color: blue; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">"%d"</span><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">,&item);  </span></span></span></li> <li class="" style="border: none; line-height: 21px; margin: 4px 0px 0px; padding: 0px 3px 0px 10px !important;"><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">        ptr -> data = item;  </span></span></li> <li class="alt" style="border: none; line-height: 21px; margin: 4px 0px 0px; padding: 0px 3px 0px 10px !important; width: 850px;"><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">        <span class="keyword" style="background-color: inherit; border: none; color: #006699; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">if</span><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">(head == NULL)  </span></span></span></li> <li class="" style="border: none; line-height: 21px; margin: 4px 0px 0px; padding: 0px 3px 0px 10px !important;"><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">        {  </span></span></li> <li class="alt" style="border: none; line-height: 21px; margin: 4px 0px 0px; padding: 0px 3px 0px 10px !important; width: 850px;"><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">            head = ptr;  </span></span></li> <li class="" style="border: none; line-height: 21px; margin: 4px 0px 0px; padding: 0px 3px 0px 10px !important;"><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">            ptr -> next = head;  </span></span></li> <li class="alt" style="border: none; line-height: 21px; margin: 4px 0px 0px; padding: 0px 3px 0px 10px !important; width: 850px;"><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">        }  </span></span></li> <li class="" style="border: none; line-height: 21px; margin: 4px 0px 0px; padding: 0px 3px 0px 10px !important;"><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">        <span class="keyword" style="background-color: inherit; border: none; color: #006699; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">else</span><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">   </span></span></span></li> <li class="alt" style="border: none; line-height: 21px; margin: 4px 0px 0px; padding: 0px 3px 0px 10px !important; width: 850px;"><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">        {     </span></span></li> <li class="" style="border: none; line-height: 21px; margin: 4px 0px 0px; padding: 0px 3px 0px 10px !important;"><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">            temp = head;  </span></span></li> <li class="alt" style="border: none; line-height: 21px; margin: 4px 0px 0px; padding: 0px 3px 0px 10px !important; width: 850px;"><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">            <span class="keyword" style="background-color: inherit; border: none; color: #006699; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">while</span><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">(temp->next != head)  </span></span></span></li> <li class="" style="border: none; line-height: 21px; margin: 4px 0px 0px; padding: 0px 3px 0px 10px !important;"><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">                temp = temp->next;  </span></span></li> <li class="alt" style="border: none; line-height: 21px; margin: 4px 0px 0px; padding: 0px 3px 0px 10px !important; width: 850px;"><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">            ptr->next = head;   </span></span></li> <li class="" style="border: none; line-height: 21px; margin: 4px 0px 0px; padding: 0px 3px 0px 10px !important;"><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">            temp -> next = ptr;   </span></span></li> <li class="alt" style="border: none; line-height: 21px; margin: 4px 0px 0px; padding: 0px 3px 0px 10px !important; width: 850px;"><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">            head = ptr;  </span></span></li> <li class="" style="border: none; line-height: 21px; margin: 4px 0px 0px; padding: 0px 3px 0px 10px !important;"><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">        }   </span></span></li> <li class="alt" style="border: none; line-height: 21px; margin: 4px 0px 0px; padding: 0px 3px 0px 10px !important; width: 850px;"><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">        printf(<span class="string" style="background-color: inherit; border: none; color: blue; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">"\nnode inserted\n"</span><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">);  </span></span></span></li> <li class="" style="border: none; line-height: 21px; margin: 4px 0px 0px; padding: 0px 3px 0px 10px !important;"><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">    }  </span></span></li> <li class="alt" style="border: none; line-height: 21px; margin: 4px 0px 0px; padding: 0px 3px 0px 10px !important; width: 850px;"><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">              </span></span></li> <li class="" style="border: none; line-height: 21px; margin: 4px 0px 0px; padding: 0px 3px 0px 10px !important;"><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">}  </span></span></li> <li class="alt" style="border: none; line-height: 21px; margin: 4px 0px 0px; padding: 0px 3px 0px 10px !important; width: 850px;"><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span class="keyword" style="background-color: inherit; border: none; color: #006699; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">void</span><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> lastinsert()  </span></span></span></li> <li class="" style="border: none; line-height: 21px; margin: 4px 0px 0px; padding: 0px 3px 0px 10px !important;"><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">{  </span></span></li> <li class="alt" style="border: none; line-height: 21px; margin: 4px 0px 0px; padding: 0px 3px 0px 10px !important; width: 850px;"><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">    struct node *ptr,*temp;   </span></span></li> <li class="" style="border: none; line-height: 21px; margin: 4px 0px 0px; padding: 0px 3px 0px 10px !important;"><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">    <span class="keyword" style="background-color: inherit; border: none; color: #006699; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">int</span><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> item;  </span></span></span></li> <li class="alt" style="border: none; line-height: 21px; margin: 4px 0px 0px; padding: 0px 3px 0px 10px !important; width: 850px;"><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">    ptr = (struct node *)malloc(sizeof(struct node));  </span></span></li> <li class="" style="border: none; line-height: 21px; margin: 4px 0px 0px; padding: 0px 3px 0px 10px !important;"><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">    <span class="keyword" style="background-color: inherit; border: none; color: #006699; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">if</span><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">(ptr == NULL)  </span></span></span></li> <li class="alt" style="border: none; line-height: 21px; margin: 4px 0px 0px; padding: 0px 3px 0px 10px !important; width: 850px;"><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">    {  </span></span></li> <li class="" style="border: none; line-height: 21px; margin: 4px 0px 0px; padding: 0px 3px 0px 10px !important;"><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">        printf(<span class="string" style="background-color: inherit; border: none; color: blue; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">"\nOVERFLOW\n"</span><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">);  </span></span></span></li> <li class="alt" style="border: none; line-height: 21px; margin: 4px 0px 0px; padding: 0px 3px 0px 10px !important; width: 850px;"><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">    }  </span></span></li> <li class="" style="border: none; line-height: 21px; margin: 4px 0px 0px; padding: 0px 3px 0px 10px !important;"><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">    <span class="keyword" style="background-color: inherit; border: none; color: #006699; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">else</span><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">  </span></span></span></li> <li class="alt" style="border: none; line-height: 21px; margin: 4px 0px 0px; padding: 0px 3px 0px 10px !important; width: 850px;"><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">    {  </span></span></li> <li class="" style="border: none; line-height: 21px; margin: 4px 0px 0px; padding: 0px 3px 0px 10px !important;"><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">        printf(<span class="string" style="background-color: inherit; border: none; color: blue; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">"\nEnter Data?"</span><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">);  </span></span></span></li> <li class="alt" style="border: none; line-height: 21px; margin: 4px 0px 0px; padding: 0px 3px 0px 10px !important; width: 850px;"><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">        scanf(<span class="string" style="background-color: inherit; border: none; color: blue; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">"%d"</span><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">,&item);  </span></span></span></li> <li class="" style="border: none; line-height: 21px; margin: 4px 0px 0px; padding: 0px 3px 0px 10px !important;"><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">        ptr->data = item;  </span></span></li> <li class="alt" style="border: none; line-height: 21px; margin: 4px 0px 0px; padding: 0px 3px 0px 10px !important; width: 850px;"><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">        <span class="keyword" style="background-color: inherit; border: none; color: #006699; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">if</span><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">(head == NULL)  </span></span></span></li> <li class="" style="border: none; line-height: 21px; margin: 4px 0px 0px; padding: 0px 3px 0px 10px !important;"><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">        {  </span></span></li> <li class="alt" style="border: none; line-height: 21px; margin: 4px 0px 0px; padding: 0px 3px 0px 10px !important; width: 850px;"><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">            head = ptr;  </span></span></li> <li class="" style="border: none; line-height: 21px; margin: 4px 0px 0px; padding: 0px 3px 0px 10px !important;"><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">            ptr -> next = head;    </span></span></li> <li class="alt" style="border: none; line-height: 21px; margin: 4px 0px 0px; padding: 0px 3px 0px 10px !important; width: 850px;"><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">        }  </span></span></li> <li class="" style="border: none; line-height: 21px; margin: 4px 0px 0px; padding: 0px 3px 0px 10px !important;"><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">        <span class="keyword" style="background-color: inherit; border: none; color: #006699; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">else</span><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">  </span></span></span></li> <li class="alt" style="border: none; line-height: 21px; margin: 4px 0px 0px; padding: 0px 3px 0px 10px !important; width: 850px;"><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">        {  </span></span></li> <li class="" style="border: none; line-height: 21px; margin: 4px 0px 0px; padding: 0px 3px 0px 10px !important;"><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">            temp = head;  </span></span></li> <li class="alt" style="border: none; line-height: 21px; margin: 4px 0px 0px; padding: 0px 3px 0px 10px !important; width: 850px;"><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">            <span class="keyword" style="background-color: inherit; border: none; color: #006699; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">while</span><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">(temp -> next != head)  </span></span></span></li> <li class="" style="border: none; line-height: 21px; margin: 4px 0px 0px; padding: 0px 3px 0px 10px !important;"><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">            {  </span></span></li> <li class="alt" style="border: none; line-height: 21px; margin: 4px 0px 0px; padding: 0px 3px 0px 10px !important; width: 850px;"><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">                temp = temp -> next;  </span></span></li> <li class="" style="border: none; line-height: 21px; margin: 4px 0px 0px; padding: 0px 3px 0px 10px !important;"><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">            }  </span></span></li> <li class="alt" style="border: none; line-height: 21px; margin: 4px 0px 0px; padding: 0px 3px 0px 10px !important; width: 850px;"><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">            temp -> next = ptr;   </span></span></li> <li class="" style="border: none; line-height: 21px; margin: 4px 0px 0px; padding: 0px 3px 0px 10px !important;"><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">            ptr -> next = head;  </span></span></li> <li class="alt" style="border: none; line-height: 21px; margin: 4px 0px 0px; padding: 0px 3px 0px 10px !important; width: 850px;"><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">        }  </span></span></li> <li class="" style="border: none; line-height: 21px; margin: 4px 0px 0px; padding: 0px 3px 0px 10px !important;"><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">          </span></span></li> <li class="alt" style="border: none; line-height: 21px; margin: 4px 0px 0px; padding: 0px 3px 0px 10px !important; width: 850px;"><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">        printf(<span class="string" style="background-color: inherit; border: none; color: blue; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">"\nnode inserted\n"</span><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">);  </span></span></span></li> <li class="" style="border: none; line-height: 21px; margin: 4px 0px 0px; padding: 0px 3px 0px 10px !important;"><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">    }  </span></span></li> <li class="alt" style="border: none; line-height: 21px; margin: 4px 0px 0px; padding: 0px 3px 0px 10px !important; width: 850px;"><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">  </span></span></li> <li class="" style="border: none; line-height: 21px; margin: 4px 0px 0px; padding: 0px 3px 0px 10px !important;"><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">}  </span></span></li> <li class="alt" style="border: none; line-height: 21px; margin: 4px 0px 0px; padding: 0px 3px 0px 10px !important; width: 850px;"><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">  </span></span></li> <li class="" style="border: none; line-height: 21px; margin: 4px 0px 0px; padding: 0px 3px 0px 10px !important;"><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span class="keyword" style="background-color: inherit; border: none; color: #006699; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">void</span><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> begin_delete()  </span></span></span></li> <li class="alt" style="border: none; line-height: 21px; margin: 4px 0px 0px; padding: 0px 3px 0px 10px !important; width: 850px;"><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">{  </span></span></li> <li class="" style="border: none; line-height: 21px; margin: 4px 0px 0px; padding: 0px 3px 0px 10px !important;"><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">    struct node *ptr;   </span></span></li> <li class="alt" style="border: none; line-height: 21px; margin: 4px 0px 0px; padding: 0px 3px 0px 10px !important; width: 850px;"><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">    <span class="keyword" style="background-color: inherit; border: none; color: #006699; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">if</span><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">(head == NULL)  </span></span></span></li> <li class="" style="border: none; line-height: 21px; margin: 4px 0px 0px; padding: 0px 3px 0px 10px !important;"><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">    {  </span></span></li> <li class="alt" style="border: none; line-height: 21px; margin: 4px 0px 0px; padding: 0px 3px 0px 10px !important; width: 850px;"><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">        printf(<span class="string" style="background-color: inherit; border: none; color: blue; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">"\nUNDERFLOW"</span><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">);    </span></span></span></li> <li class="" style="border: none; line-height: 21px; margin: 4px 0px 0px; padding: 0px 3px 0px 10px !important;"><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">    }  </span></span></li> <li class="alt" style="border: none; line-height: 21px; margin: 4px 0px 0px; padding: 0px 3px 0px 10px !important; width: 850px;"><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">    <span class="keyword" style="background-color: inherit; border: none; color: #006699; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">else</span><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> </span><span class="keyword" style="background-color: inherit; border: none; color: #006699; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">if</span><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">(head->next == head)  </span></span></span></li> <li class="" style="border: none; line-height: 21px; margin: 4px 0px 0px; padding: 0px 3px 0px 10px !important;"><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">    {  </span></span></li> <li class="alt" style="border: none; line-height: 21px; margin: 4px 0px 0px; padding: 0px 3px 0px 10px !important; width: 850px;"><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">        head = NULL;  </span></span></li> <li class="" style="border: none; line-height: 21px; margin: 4px 0px 0px; padding: 0px 3px 0px 10px !important;"><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">        free(head);  </span></span></li> <li class="alt" style="border: none; line-height: 21px; margin: 4px 0px 0px; padding: 0px 3px 0px 10px !important; width: 850px;"><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">        printf(<span class="string" style="background-color: inherit; border: none; color: blue; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">"\nnode deleted\n"</span><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">);  </span></span></span></li> <li class="" style="border: none; line-height: 21px; margin: 4px 0px 0px; padding: 0px 3px 0px 10px !important;"><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">    }  </span></span></li> <li class="alt" style="border: none; line-height: 21px; margin: 4px 0px 0px; padding: 0px 3px 0px 10px !important; width: 850px;"><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">      </span></span></li> <li class="" style="border: none; line-height: 21px; margin: 4px 0px 0px; padding: 0px 3px 0px 10px !important;"><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">    <span class="keyword" style="background-color: inherit; border: none; color: #006699; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">else</span><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">  </span></span></span></li> <li class="alt" style="border: none; line-height: 21px; margin: 4px 0px 0px; padding: 0px 3px 0px 10px !important; width: 850px;"><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">    {   ptr = head;   </span></span></li> <li class="" style="border: none; line-height: 21px; margin: 4px 0px 0px; padding: 0px 3px 0px 10px !important;"><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">        <span class="keyword" style="background-color: inherit; border: none; color: #006699; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">while</span><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">(ptr -> next != head)  </span></span></span></li> <li class="alt" style="border: none; line-height: 21px; margin: 4px 0px 0px; padding: 0px 3px 0px 10px !important; width: 850px;"><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">            ptr = ptr -> next;   </span></span></li> <li class="" style="border: none; line-height: 21px; margin: 4px 0px 0px; padding: 0px 3px 0px 10px !important;"><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">        ptr->next = head->next;  </span></span></li> <li class="alt" style="border: none; line-height: 21px; margin: 4px 0px 0px; padding: 0px 3px 0px 10px !important; width: 850px;"><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">        free(head);  </span></span></li> <li class="" style="border: none; line-height: 21px; margin: 4px 0px 0px; padding: 0px 3px 0px 10px !important;"><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">        head = ptr->next;  </span></span></li> <li class="alt" style="border: none; line-height: 21px; margin: 4px 0px 0px; padding: 0px 3px 0px 10px !important; width: 850px;"><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">        printf(<span class="string" style="background-color: inherit; border: none; color: blue; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">"\nnode deleted\n"</span><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">);  </span></span></span></li> <li class="" style="border: none; line-height: 21px; margin: 4px 0px 0px; padding: 0px 3px 0px 10px !important;"><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">  </span></span></li> <li class="alt" style="border: none; line-height: 21px; margin: 4px 0px 0px; padding: 0px 3px 0px 10px !important; width: 850px;"><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">    }  </span></span></li> <li class="" style="border: none; line-height: 21px; margin: 4px 0px 0px; padding: 0px 3px 0px 10px !important;"><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">}  </span></span></li> <li class="alt" style="border: none; line-height: 21px; margin: 4px 0px 0px; padding: 0px 3px 0px 10px !important; width: 850px;"><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span class="keyword" style="background-color: inherit; border: none; color: #006699; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">void</span><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> last_delete()  </span></span></span></li> <li class="" style="border: none; line-height: 21px; margin: 4px 0px 0px; padding: 0px 3px 0px 10px !important;"><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">{  </span></span></li> <li class="alt" style="border: none; line-height: 21px; margin: 4px 0px 0px; padding: 0px 3px 0px 10px !important; width: 850px;"><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">    struct node *ptr, *preptr;  </span></span></li> <li class="" style="border: none; line-height: 21px; margin: 4px 0px 0px; padding: 0px 3px 0px 10px !important;"><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">    <span class="keyword" style="background-color: inherit; border: none; color: #006699; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">if</span><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">(head==NULL)  </span></span></span></li> <li class="alt" style="border: none; line-height: 21px; margin: 4px 0px 0px; padding: 0px 3px 0px 10px !important; width: 850px;"><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">    {  </span></span></li> <li class="" style="border: none; line-height: 21px; margin: 4px 0px 0px; padding: 0px 3px 0px 10px !important;"><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">        printf(<span class="string" style="background-color: inherit; border: none; color: blue; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">"\nUNDERFLOW"</span><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">);  </span></span></span></li> <li class="alt" style="border: none; line-height: 21px; margin: 4px 0px 0px; padding: 0px 3px 0px 10px !important; width: 850px;"><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">    }  </span></span></li> <li class="" style="border: none; line-height: 21px; margin: 4px 0px 0px; padding: 0px 3px 0px 10px !important;"><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">    <span class="keyword" style="background-color: inherit; border: none; color: #006699; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">else</span><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> </span><span class="keyword" style="background-color: inherit; border: none; color: #006699; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">if</span><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> (head ->next == head)  </span></span></span></li> <li class="alt" style="border: none; line-height: 21px; margin: 4px 0px 0px; padding: 0px 3px 0px 10px !important; width: 850px;"><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">    {  </span></span></li> <li class="" style="border: none; line-height: 21px; margin: 4px 0px 0px; padding: 0px 3px 0px 10px !important;"><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">        head = NULL;  </span></span></li> <li class="alt" style="border: none; line-height: 21px; margin: 4px 0px 0px; padding: 0px 3px 0px 10px !important; width: 850px;"><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">        free(head);  </span></span></li> <li class="" style="border: none; line-height: 21px; margin: 4px 0px 0px; padding: 0px 3px 0px 10px !important;"><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">        printf(<span class="string" style="background-color: inherit; border: none; color: blue; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">"\nnode deleted\n"</span><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">);  </span></span></span></li> <li class="alt" style="border: none; line-height: 21px; margin: 4px 0px 0px; padding: 0px 3px 0px 10px !important; width: 850px;"><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">  </span></span></li> <li class="" style="border: none; line-height: 21px; margin: 4px 0px 0px; padding: 0px 3px 0px 10px !important;"><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">    }  </span></span></li> <li class="alt" style="border: none; line-height: 21px; margin: 4px 0px 0px; padding: 0px 3px 0px 10px !important; width: 850px;"><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">    <span class="keyword" style="background-color: inherit; border: none; color: #006699; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">else</span><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">   </span></span></span></li> <li class="" style="border: none; line-height: 21px; margin: 4px 0px 0px; padding: 0px 3px 0px 10px !important;"><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">    {  </span></span></li> <li class="alt" style="border: none; line-height: 21px; margin: 4px 0px 0px; padding: 0px 3px 0px 10px !important; width: 850px;"><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">        ptr = head;  </span></span></li> <li class="" style="border: none; line-height: 21px; margin: 4px 0px 0px; padding: 0px 3px 0px 10px !important;"><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">        <span class="keyword" style="background-color: inherit; border: none; color: #006699; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">while</span><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">(ptr ->next != head)  </span></span></span></li> <li class="alt" style="border: none; line-height: 21px; margin: 4px 0px 0px; padding: 0px 3px 0px 10px !important; width: 850px;"><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">        {  </span></span></li> <li class="" style="border: none; line-height: 21px; margin: 4px 0px 0px; padding: 0px 3px 0px 10px !important;"><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">            preptr=ptr;  </span></span></li> <li class="alt" style="border: none; line-height: 21px; margin: 4px 0px 0px; padding: 0px 3px 0px 10px !important; width: 850px;"><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">            ptr = ptr->next;  </span></span></li> <li class="" style="border: none; line-height: 21px; margin: 4px 0px 0px; padding: 0px 3px 0px 10px !important;"><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">        }  </span></span></li> <li class="alt" style="border: none; line-height: 21px; margin: 4px 0px 0px; padding: 0px 3px 0px 10px !important; width: 850px;"><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">        preptr->next = ptr -> next;  </span></span></li> <li class="" style="border: none; line-height: 21px; margin: 4px 0px 0px; padding: 0px 3px 0px 10px !important;"><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">        free(ptr);  </span></span></li> <li class="alt" style="border: none; line-height: 21px; margin: 4px 0px 0px; padding: 0px 3px 0px 10px !important; width: 850px;"><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">        printf(<span class="string" style="background-color: inherit; border: none; color: blue; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">"\nnode deleted\n"</span><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">);  </span></span></span></li> <li class="" style="border: none; line-height: 21px; margin: 4px 0px 0px; padding: 0px 3px 0px 10px !important;"><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">  </span></span></li> <li class="alt" style="border: none; line-height: 21px; margin: 4px 0px 0px; padding: 0px 3px 0px 10px !important; width: 850px;"><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">    }  </span></span></li> <li class="" style="border: none; line-height: 21px; margin: 4px 0px 0px; padding: 0px 3px 0px 10px !important;"><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">}  </span></span></li> <li class="alt" style="border: none; line-height: 21px; margin: 4px 0px 0px; padding: 0px 3px 0px 10px !important; width: 850px;"><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">  </span></span></li> <li class="" style="border: none; line-height: 21px; margin: 4px 0px 0px; padding: 0px 3px 0px 10px !important;"><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span class="keyword" style="background-color: inherit; border: none; color: #006699; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">void</span><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> search()  </span></span></span></li> <li class="alt" style="border: none; line-height: 21px; margin: 4px 0px 0px; padding: 0px 3px 0px 10px !important; width: 850px;"><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">{  </span></span></li> <li class="" style="border: none; line-height: 21px; margin: 4px 0px 0px; padding: 0px 3px 0px 10px !important;"><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">    struct node *ptr;  </span></span></li> <li class="alt" style="border: none; line-height: 21px; margin: 4px 0px 0px; padding: 0px 3px 0px 10px !important; width: 850px;"><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">    <span class="keyword" style="background-color: inherit; border: none; color: #006699; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">int</span><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> item,i=</span><span class="number" style="background-color: inherit; border: none; color: #c00000; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">0</span><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">,flag=</span><span class="number" style="background-color: inherit; border: none; color: #c00000; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">1</span><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">;  </span></span></span></li> <li class="" style="border: none; line-height: 21px; margin: 4px 0px 0px; padding: 0px 3px 0px 10px !important;"><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">    ptr = head;   </span></span></li> <li class="alt" style="border: none; line-height: 21px; margin: 4px 0px 0px; padding: 0px 3px 0px 10px !important; width: 850px;"><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">    <span class="keyword" style="background-color: inherit; border: none; color: #006699; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">if</span><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">(ptr == NULL)  </span></span></span></li> <li class="" style="border: none; line-height: 21px; margin: 4px 0px 0px; padding: 0px 3px 0px 10px !important;"><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">    {  </span></span></li> <li class="alt" style="border: none; line-height: 21px; margin: 4px 0px 0px; padding: 0px 3px 0px 10px !important; width: 850px;"><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">        printf(<span class="string" style="background-color: inherit; border: none; color: blue; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">"\nEmpty List\n"</span><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">);  </span></span></span></li> <li class="" style="border: none; line-height: 21px; margin: 4px 0px 0px; padding: 0px 3px 0px 10px !important;"><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">    }  </span></span></li> <li class="alt" style="border: none; line-height: 21px; margin: 4px 0px 0px; padding: 0px 3px 0px 10px !important; width: 850px;"><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">    <span class="keyword" style="background-color: inherit; border: none; color: #006699; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">else</span><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">  </span></span></span></li> <li class="" style="border: none; line-height: 21px; margin: 4px 0px 0px; padding: 0px 3px 0px 10px !important;"><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">    {   </span></span></li> <li class="alt" style="border: none; line-height: 21px; margin: 4px 0px 0px; padding: 0px 3px 0px 10px !important; width: 850px;"><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">        printf(<span class="string" style="background-color: inherit; border: none; color: blue; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">"\nEnter item which you want to search?\n"</span><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">);   </span></span></span></li> <li class="" style="border: none; line-height: 21px; margin: 4px 0px 0px; padding: 0px 3px 0px 10px !important;"><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">        scanf(<span class="string" style="background-color: inherit; border: none; color: blue; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">"%d"</span><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">,&item);  </span></span></span></li> <li class="alt" style="border: none; line-height: 21px; margin: 4px 0px 0px; padding: 0px 3px 0px 10px !important; width: 850px;"><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">        <span class="keyword" style="background-color: inherit; border: none; color: #006699; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">if</span><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">(head ->data == item)  </span></span></span></li> <li class="" style="border: none; line-height: 21px; margin: 4px 0px 0px; padding: 0px 3px 0px 10px !important;"><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">        {  </span></span></li> <li class="alt" style="border: none; line-height: 21px; margin: 4px 0px 0px; padding: 0px 3px 0px 10px !important; width: 850px;"><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">        printf(<span class="string" style="background-color: inherit; border: none; color: blue; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">"item found at location %d"</span><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">,i+</span><span class="number" style="background-color: inherit; border: none; color: #c00000; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">1</span><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">);  </span></span></span></li> <li class="" style="border: none; line-height: 21px; margin: 4px 0px 0px; padding: 0px 3px 0px 10px !important;"><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">        flag=<span class="number" style="background-color: inherit; border: none; color: #c00000; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">0</span><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">;  </span></span></span></li> <li class="alt" style="border: none; line-height: 21px; margin: 4px 0px 0px; padding: 0px 3px 0px 10px !important; width: 850px;"><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">        }  </span></span></li> <li class="" style="border: none; line-height: 21px; margin: 4px 0px 0px; padding: 0px 3px 0px 10px !important;"><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">        <span class="keyword" style="background-color: inherit; border: none; color: #006699; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">else</span><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">   </span></span></span></li> <li class="alt" style="border: none; line-height: 21px; margin: 4px 0px 0px; padding: 0px 3px 0px 10px !important; width: 850px;"><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">        {  </span></span></li> <li class="" style="border: none; line-height: 21px; margin: 4px 0px 0px; padding: 0px 3px 0px 10px !important;"><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">        <span class="keyword" style="background-color: inherit; border: none; color: #006699; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">while</span><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> (ptr->next != head)  </span></span></span></li> <li class="alt" style="border: none; line-height: 21px; margin: 4px 0px 0px; padding: 0px 3px 0px 10px !important; width: 850px;"><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">        {  </span></span></li> <li class="" style="border: none; line-height: 21px; margin: 4px 0px 0px; padding: 0px 3px 0px 10px !important;"><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">            <span class="keyword" style="background-color: inherit; border: none; color: #006699; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">if</span><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">(ptr->data == item)  </span></span></span></li> <li class="alt" style="border: none; line-height: 21px; margin: 4px 0px 0px; padding: 0px 3px 0px 10px !important; width: 850px;"><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">            {  </span></span></li> <li class="" style="border: none; line-height: 21px; margin: 4px 0px 0px; padding: 0px 3px 0px 10px !important;"><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">                printf(<span class="string" style="background-color: inherit; border: none; color: blue; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">"item found at location %d "</span><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">,i+</span><span class="number" style="background-color: inherit; border: none; color: #c00000; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">1</span><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">);  </span></span></span></li> <li class="alt" style="border: none; line-height: 21px; margin: 4px 0px 0px; padding: 0px 3px 0px 10px !important; width: 850px;"><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">                flag=<span class="number" style="background-color: inherit; border: none; color: #c00000; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">0</span><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">;  </span></span></span></li> <li class="" style="border: none; line-height: 21px; margin: 4px 0px 0px; padding: 0px 3px 0px 10px !important;"><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">                <span class="keyword" style="background-color: inherit; border: none; color: #006699; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">break</span><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">;  </span></span></span></li> <li class="alt" style="border: none; line-height: 21px; margin: 4px 0px 0px; padding: 0px 3px 0px 10px !important; width: 850px;"><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">            }   </span></span></li> <li class="" style="border: none; line-height: 21px; margin: 4px 0px 0px; padding: 0px 3px 0px 10px !important;"><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">            <span class="keyword" style="background-color: inherit; border: none; color: #006699; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">else</span><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">  </span></span></span></li> <li class="alt" style="border: none; line-height: 21px; margin: 4px 0px 0px; padding: 0px 3px 0px 10px !important; width: 850px;"><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">            {  </span></span></li> <li class="" style="border: none; line-height: 21px; margin: 4px 0px 0px; padding: 0px 3px 0px 10px !important;"><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">                flag=<span class="number" style="background-color: inherit; border: none; color: #c00000; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">1</span><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">;  </span></span></span></li> <li class="alt" style="border: none; line-height: 21px; margin: 4px 0px 0px; padding: 0px 3px 0px 10px !important; width: 850px;"><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">            }  </span></span></li> <li class="" style="border: none; line-height: 21px; margin: 4px 0px 0px; padding: 0px 3px 0px 10px !important;"><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">            i++;  </span></span></li> <li class="alt" style="border: none; line-height: 21px; margin: 4px 0px 0px; padding: 0px 3px 0px 10px !important; width: 850px;"><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">            ptr = ptr -> next;  </span></span></li> <li class="" style="border: none; line-height: 21px; margin: 4px 0px 0px; padding: 0px 3px 0px 10px !important;"><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">        }  </span></span></li> <li class="alt" style="border: none; line-height: 21px; margin: 4px 0px 0px; padding: 0px 3px 0px 10px !important; width: 850px;"><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">        }  </span></span></li> <li class="" style="border: none; line-height: 21px; margin: 4px 0px 0px; padding: 0px 3px 0px 10px !important;"><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">        <span class="keyword" style="background-color: inherit; border: none; color: #006699; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">if</span><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">(flag != </span><span class="number" style="background-color: inherit; border: none; color: #c00000; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">0</span><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">)  </span></span></span></li> <li class="alt" style="border: none; line-height: 21px; margin: 4px 0px 0px; padding: 0px 3px 0px 10px !important; width: 850px;"><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">        {  </span></span></li> <li class="" style="border: none; line-height: 21px; margin: 4px 0px 0px; padding: 0px 3px 0px 10px !important;"><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">            printf(<span class="string" style="background-color: inherit; border: none; color: blue; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">"Item not found\n"</span><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">);  </span></span></span></li> <li class="alt" style="border: none; line-height: 21px; margin: 4px 0px 0px; padding: 0px 3px 0px 10px !important; width: 850px;"><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">        }  </span></span></li> <li class="" style="border: none; line-height: 21px; margin: 4px 0px 0px; padding: 0px 3px 0px 10px !important;"><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">    }     </span></span></li> <li class="alt" style="border: none; line-height: 21px; margin: 4px 0px 0px; padding: 0px 3px 0px 10px !important; width: 850px;"><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">          </span></span></li> <li class="" style="border: none; line-height: 21px; margin: 4px 0px 0px; padding: 0px 3px 0px 10px !important;"><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">}  </span></span></li> <li class="alt" style="border: none; line-height: 21px; margin: 4px 0px 0px; padding: 0px 3px 0px 10px !important; width: 850px;"><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">  </span></span></li> <li class="" style="border: none; line-height: 21px; margin: 4px 0px 0px; padding: 0px 3px 0px 10px !important;"><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span class="keyword" style="background-color: inherit; border: none; color: #006699; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">void</span><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> display()  </span></span></span></li> <li class="alt" style="border: none; line-height: 21px; margin: 4px 0px 0px; padding: 0px 3px 0px 10px !important; width: 850px;"><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">{  </span></span></li> <li class="" style="border: none; line-height: 21px; margin: 4px 0px 0px; padding: 0px 3px 0px 10px !important;"><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">    struct node *ptr;  </span></span></li> <li class="alt" style="border: none; line-height: 21px; margin: 4px 0px 0px; padding: 0px 3px 0px 10px !important; width: 850px;"><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">    ptr=head;  </span></span></li> <li class="" style="border: none; line-height: 21px; margin: 4px 0px 0px; padding: 0px 3px 0px 10px !important;"><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">    <span class="keyword" style="background-color: inherit; border: none; color: #006699; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">if</span><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">(head == NULL)  </span></span></span></li> <li class="alt" style="border: none; line-height: 21px; margin: 4px 0px 0px; padding: 0px 3px 0px 10px !important; width: 850px;"><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">    {  </span></span></li> <li class="" style="border: none; line-height: 21px; margin: 4px 0px 0px; padding: 0px 3px 0px 10px !important;"><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">        printf(<span class="string" style="background-color: inherit; border: none; color: blue; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">"\nnothing to print"</span><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">);  </span></span></span></li> <li class="alt" style="border: none; line-height: 21px; margin: 4px 0px 0px; padding: 0px 3px 0px 10px !important; width: 850px;"><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">    }     </span></span></li> <li class="" style="border: none; line-height: 21px; margin: 4px 0px 0px; padding: 0px 3px 0px 10px !important;"><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">    <span class="keyword" style="background-color: inherit; border: none; color: #006699; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">else</span><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">  </span></span></span></li> <li class="alt" style="border: none; line-height: 21px; margin: 4px 0px 0px; padding: 0px 3px 0px 10px !important; width: 850px;"><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">    {  </span></span></li> <li class="" style="border: none; line-height: 21px; margin: 4px 0px 0px; padding: 0px 3px 0px 10px !important;"><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">        printf(<span class="string" style="background-color: inherit; border: none; color: blue; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">"\n printing values ... \n"</span><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">);  </span></span></span></li> <li class="alt" style="border: none; line-height: 21px; margin: 4px 0px 0px; padding: 0px 3px 0px 10px !important; width: 850px;"><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">          </span></span></li> <li class="" style="border: none; line-height: 21px; margin: 4px 0px 0px; padding: 0px 3px 0px 10px !important;"><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">        <span class="keyword" style="background-color: inherit; border: none; color: #006699; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">while</span><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">(ptr -> next != head)  </span></span></span></li> <li class="alt" style="border: none; line-height: 21px; margin: 4px 0px 0px; padding: 0px 3px 0px 10px !important; width: 850px;"><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">        {  </span></span></li> <li class="" style="border: none; line-height: 21px; margin: 4px 0px 0px; padding: 0px 3px 0px 10px !important;"><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">          </span></span></li> <li class="alt" style="border: none; line-height: 21px; margin: 4px 0px 0px; padding: 0px 3px 0px 10px !important; width: 850px;"><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">            printf(<span class="string" style="background-color: inherit; border: none; color: blue; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">"%d\n"</span><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">, ptr -> data);  </span></span></span></li> <li class="" style="border: none; line-height: 21px; margin: 4px 0px 0px; padding: 0px 3px 0px 10px !important;"><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">            ptr = ptr -> next;  </span></span></li> <li class="alt" style="border: none; line-height: 21px; margin: 4px 0px 0px; padding: 0px 3px 0px 10px !important; width: 850px;"><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">        }  </span></span></li> <li class="" style="border: none; line-height: 21px; margin: 4px 0px 0px; padding: 0px 3px 0px 10px !important;"><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">        printf(<span class="string" style="background-color: inherit; border: none; color: blue; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">"%d\n"</span><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">, ptr -> data);  </span></span></span></li> <li class="alt" style="border: none; line-height: 21px; margin: 4px 0px 0px; padding: 0px 3px 0px 10px !important; width: 850px;"><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">    }  </span></span></li> <li class="" style="border: none; line-height: 21px; margin: 4px 0px 0px; padding: 0px 3px 0px 10px !important;"><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">              </span></span></li> <li class="alt" style="border: none; line-height: 21px; margin: 4px 0px 0px; padding: 0px 3px 0px 10px !important; width: 850px;"><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">}  </span></span></li> </ol> </blockquote> <span style="font-family: inherit;">//sumber : javapoint.com </span><br> </div></div>

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